| A | B |
|---|
| RENAISSANCE | rebirth; a period of European history (1300-1600) starting in Northern Italy, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in art, learning, & views of the world |
| HUMANISM | a Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studdied classical texts & focused on human potential & achievements; ex. Desiderius Erasmus, Thomas More & Francois Rebelais |
| SECULAR | concerned w/ worldly rather than spiritual matters |
| PATRON | a person who supports artists, especially financially |
| PERSPECTIVE | an artist technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface |
| VERNACULAR | the everyday language of people in a region or country |
| MICHELANGELO | Renaissance artist who painted the Sistine Chapel; was also a great sculptor |
| NICCALO MACHIAVELLI | Renaissance writer who wrote THE PRINCE as a guide for how to gain power & keep it, this is where term Maciavellian (trickery to hold power) came from |
| LEONARDO DA VINCI | Renaissance painter who painted the Mona Lisa & The Last Supper |
| ALBRECHT DURER, HANS HOLBEIN, JAN VAN EYCK | other prominent painters of the Renaissance |
| RENAISSANCE MEN | men who were skilled in many areas; such as writing and painting; guide book "The Cortier" was written on how to become one |
| DARK AGES | another name for the Middle Ages |
| UTOPIA | an imaginary land described by Thomas More in his book- hence, an ideal place |
| PRINTING PRESS | invented by Johann Gutenberg; a machine for reproducing written material by pressing paper against arrangements of inked type |
| GUTENBERG BIBLE | the first full-sized book printed w/ movable type & printing press |
| NORTHERN ITALY | made up of large city-states |
| ENGLAND & FRANCE | head by strong monarchs |
| CONSTANTINOPLE | scholars fled this location and were responsible for bringing classical manuscripts to Rome w/ them |
| INDULGENCE | a pardon releasing a person from punishment due for a sin |
| REFORMATION | started by Martin Luther, a 16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope's authority |
| LUTHERAN | a member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther (who was excommunicated by Pope Leo X) |
| PROTESTANT | a member of the Christian Church founded on the principles of the Reformation; used to be a name given to german princes who didn't join forces w/ pope |
| PEACE OF AUGSBURG | a 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler |
| ANNUL | to cancel or put an end to; ex. marriage |
| ANGLICAN | relating to the Church of England; head of church was King |
| WEAKENING CHURCH | new translations of Bible; rulers lose respect for pope (Henry VIII wants devorce to try for birth of male heir); merchants upset w/ church taxes |
| 95 THESIS | Martin Luther's attack on Church's methods of raising money |
| ELIZABETH I | her Navy defeated the Spanish Armada; Spenser's poem "Faerie Queen" was dedicated to her |
| PREDESTINATION | the doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including whice people will be saved; John Calvin based his religion on this idea |
| CALVINISM | a body of religious teachings based of the ideas of John Calvin |
| THEOCRACY | a government controlled by religious leaders |
| PRESBYTERIAN | a member of a Protestant church governed by elders (Presbyters) and founded by teachings of John Knox |
| ANABAPTIST | a Protestant group that believed in baptizing only those old enough to decide to be Christian; seperation of church & state |
| CATHOLIC REFORMATION | movement in which Roman Catholic Church sought to reform itself in response to the Protestant Reformation |
| JESUITS | members of the Society of Jesus; a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola |
| COUNCIL OF TRENT | a meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by Protestant reformers; found that 1: Church's view on Bible was final, 2:need faith & good works for salvation, 3:Bible & Church are equal authorities in guiding life |
| RELIGION OF HUGUENOTS (FRANCE) | Protestant or Calvinists |
