| A | B |
|---|
| aerobe | organism that requires oxygen to live |
| amphitrichous | have flagella at two ends of the cell |
| anaerobe | organism to which oxygen is toxic |
| appendage | accessory structures sprouting from cell surface |
| appendaged bacteria | have extended processes of cell wall - stalk, bud, or long thread |
| archaebacteria | adapted to extreme environments |
| autotroph | fixes carbon dioxide into organic carbon |
| axial filament | another name for periplasmic flagella |
| bacillus | rod-shaped bacterium |
| capsule | thick, tightly structured glycocalyx |
| cell envelope | cell membrane + cell wall + glycocalyx |
| cell wall | fibrous structure that includes peptidoglycan in most eubacteria |
| chemotaxis | ability to detect and move in response to chemical signals |
| chlamydia | obligate intracellular parasites spread by body fluid and respiratory droplets |
| chromatin body | bacterial DNA |
| coccus | spherical bacterium |
| conjugation | fusion of cells of opposite mating types |
| cyanobacteria | photoautotrophic bacteria with thylakoids and chlorophyll a |
| endospore | dormant cells produced by some Gram (+) bacteria |
| eubacteria | bacteria with peptidoglycan cell walls |
| facultative anaerobe | can live in the presence or absence of oxygen |
| filament | core structure of flagellum |
| fimbria | short, fine appendages for attachment |
| Firmicutes | Gram (+) cells |
| flagellum | long, thick appendage used for locomotion |
| gliding bacteria | Gram (-) cells that move using fibers between cell wall and outer membrane |
| glycocalyx | outermost layer of cell envelope, composed of polysaccharides |
| Graciculites | Gram (-) bacteria |
| Gram stain | procedure that indicates the structure of the cell wall |
| halophile | archaebacterium that requires high salt concentrations |
| heterotroph | organism that must consume other organisms to get organic carbon |
| inclusion | region of cytoplasm where nutrient materials are stored |
| L form | cell-wall lacking variant of bacteria that normally have cell walls |
| lophotrichous | have several flagella at a single end of the cell |
| Mendosicutes | Archaebacteria |
| mesosome | invagination of cell membrane |
| metachromatic granule | granules of polyphosphates |
| microaerophile | require low oxygen concentrations to live, high oxygen content toxic |
| monotrichous | have single flagellum |
| morphology | shape |
| motility | capable of independent movement |
| mycoplasma | bacteria that lack cell walls |
| myxobacteria | bacteria that aggregate and make fruiting bodies |
| nucleoid | region of bacteria that contains chromosomal DNA |
| palisade | picket fence arrangement |
| parasite | an organism that lives in or on another, obtaining nutrient and harming the host |
| peptidoglycan | sugar and peptide network forming eubacterial cell walls |
| periplasmic space | region between cell membrane and cell wall |
| peritrichous | flagella found over entire cell surface |
| phycocyanin | blue-green pigment of cyanobacteria |
| pilus | larger structure used for attachment |
| plasmid | circular, extrachromosomal pieces of DNA |
| pleomorphism | nomal variation in cell size and shape within a species |
| protoplasm | fluid enclosed by cell membrane |
| protoplast | Gram (+) bacterium that has lost its cell wall |
| ribosome | translates mRNA to protein |
| rickettsia | small, intracellular bacterium, usually transmitted by arthropod vectors |
| run | swimming in a straight line |
| saprobe | heterotrophs that use dead organisms for nutrient |
| sarcina | bacteria that grow in cubes of eight to sixty-four cells |
| slime layer | loosely organized glycocalyx |
| spheroplast | Gram (-) bacterium that has lost its peptidoglycan layer |
| spirillum | rigid, curved bacterium that twists twice or more |
| spirochete | flexible spirillum that has periplasmic flagella |
| sporangium | cell committed to making endospores |
| sprorulation | generation of endospores |
| staphylo- | bacteria that grow in clusters |
| strepto- | bacteria that grow in chains |
| Tenericutes | Division of bacteria lacking cell walls |
| thermophile | archaebacteria that require high temperatures |
| thylakoid | photosynthetic membranes of cyanobacteria |
| tumble | motion in which bacteria search for chemotactic signal |
| vibrio | comma-shaped curved rod |
