| A | B |
|---|
Hypothalmus: integrative center,  | Provides control over some endocrine glands by neural and hormonal pathways |
| Negative feedback | An example: low serum calcium > inc.PTH |
Pituitary gland (hypophysis),  | Master gland: 3 components |
| Pars intermedia | Component of pituitary: secretes MSH (melanocytes) |
| ACTH | Secreted from anterior pituitary gland: stimulates production adrenal cortex hormones, esp. glucocorticoids |
| TSH (thyrotoroin, thyrotophic hormone) | Produced by anterior pituitary: stimulates synthesis and release of thryoid hormones by thyroid |
| ADH (vasopressin) | From posterior portion of pituitary; promotes H2O retention |
| Adrenal medulla | Produces hormones: catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) |
| Aldosterone | Mineralocorticoid, from the adrenal cortex; retains Na and H2O; excretes K |
| Glucocorticoids (corticol, cortisone) | From adrenal cortex; responds to stress, affects CHO metabolism: regulates glucose use |
Cushing's syndrome; sign of,  | Excessive secretion of cortisol; suppresses ACTH; altered glucose metabolism; redistribution of body fat |
Cushing's disease,  | Due to perisistent,random overproduction of ACTH production due to pituitary adenoma |
| Hypophysectomy | Transphenoidal approach for removal pituitary tumor;danger cerebrospinal fluid leak post-op,  |
Addison's disease; characteristic skin finding,  | Chronic deficiency of adrenal cortex; hyponatremia and hyperkalemia; hyperpigmentation due to increased ACTH levels |
| Conn's syndrome | Too much aldosterone secretion; often due adrenal adenoma: *hypokalemia, edema |
| Addisonian Crisis | DANGER! dehydration; dec. serum Na, *hyperkalemia, dec.glucose; TREAT rapid IV fluids & IV steroids! |
Pheochromocytoma,  | Tumor adenal medulla; paroxysmal extreme *hypertension |
Acromegaly,  | Due to hypersecretion of GH in adult from pituitary tumor |
| SIADH | ADH is released in presence of normal plasma osmolarity causing inc.fluid retention, *dilutional hyponatremia |
| Diabetes Insipidus | Too little ADH; leads to excretion large amounts of dilute urine; *polydispia, *polyuria |
