| A | B |
|---|
| Cell membrane | Outer layer of the cell; composed mainly of lipids and proteins / Function: limits the cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| Cytoplasm | Coloidal suspension that fills cell / Function: Holds cell contents |
| Nucleus | Large, dark-staining body near the center of the cell; composed of DNA and proteins / Function: Contains the chromosomes with the genes(the hereditary material that directs all cell activities |
| Nucleolus | Small body in the nucleus; composed of RNA, DNA, and protein / Function: Needed for protein manufacture |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | Network of membranes in the cytoplasm / Function: Used for storage and transport; holds ribosomes |
| Ribosomes | Small bodies attached to the endoplasmic reticulum; composed of RNA and protein / Function: Manufacture proteins |
| Mitochondria | Large organelles with folded membranes inside / Function: Convert energy from nutrients into ATP |
| Golgi apparatus | Layers of membranes / Function: Put together special subsances such as mucus |
| Lyosomes | Small sacs of digestive enzymes / Function: Digest substances within the cell |
| Centrioles | Rod-shaped bodies (usually 2) near the nucleus / Function: Help separate the chromosomes in cell division |
| Cilia | Short, hairlike projections from t he cell / Function: Create movement around the cell |
| Flagellum | Long, whiplike extension from the cell / Function: Moves the cell |
| ATP | The energy compound of the cell; stores energy needed for cell activities. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate |
| cell | The basic structural and functional unit of the living organism; a microscopic unit that combines with other cells to form tissues |
| chromosome | A threadlike body in the nucleus of a cell that contains genetic information |
| DNA | The genetic compound of the cell; makes up the genes. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid |
| enzyme | An organic substance that speeds the rate of metabolic reactions |
| gene | A hereditary unit composed of DNA and combined with other genes to form the chromosomes |
| glucose | A simple sugar that circulates in the blood; the main energy source for metabolism |
| homeostasis | A steady state; a condition of internal stability and constancy |
| lipid | A category of organic compounds which includes fats |
| metabolism | The sum of all the physical and chemical changes that occur within an organism |
| mitosis | cell division ; the chromosomes are doubled and then equally distributed to the two daughter cells |
| mucus | A thick fluid secreted by cells in membranes and glands that lubricates and protects tissues |
| RNA | An organic compound involved in the manufacture of proteins within cells. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid |
| tissue | A group of cells that acts together for a specific purpose |
| amino acids | The nitrogen-containing compounds that make up proteins |
| anabolism | The type of metabolism in which body substances are made; the building phase of metabolism |
| catabolism | The type of metabolism in which substances are broken down for energy and simple compounds |
| collagen | A fibrous protein found in connective tissue |
| cortex | The outer region of an organ |
| glycogen | A complex sugar compound stored in liver and muscles; broken down into glucose when needed for energy |
| interstitial | Between parts, such as the spaces between cells in a tissue |
| medulla | The inner region of an organ; marrow |
| parenchyma | The functional tissue of an organ |
| parietal | Pertaining to a wall; describes a membrane that lines a body cavity |
| soma | The body |
| visceral | Pertaining to the internal organs; describes a membrane on the surgace of an organ |
