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| Give examples of "metals" | Gold, copper, silver, tin, aluminum, iron, are typical metals |
| Define "malleable" | metals are mallable, they can be hammered into sheets |
| Define "ductile" | metals are "ductile", they can be drawn into wires |
| Define "metallic bonding" | "metallic bonding" can be defined as the following: 1. posively charged metallic ions that are surrounded by a sea of electrons; and, Outer-level electrons are not held tightly to their particular nucleusm - rather, the electrons move freely among many positively charged ions. |
| What makes a "metal" ductile ? | they are ductile because the ions are in layers that slide past one . |
| what makes "metals" good conductors of electricity ? | "metals" are good conductors of electricity because their outer level of electrons are weakly held together |
| What groups on the Periodic Table are "metals" ? | Groups 1-12 except for hydrogen |
| alkali metals | the elements im grop1 of the periodic table,gropu 1 metals are shiny,malleable and ductile. they are also good conductors of heat and electricity and also highly reactive. |
| radioactive element | a nucleus that breaks down and gives off particles and energy. |
| alkaline earth metals | the alkaline earth metals make up gropu 2 of the periodic table. they are aslo shiny, malleable, ductile, and so reactive that they are not found in nature. each atom has two electrons in its outer energy level. these combine with another element. |
| transition elements | element in groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table.typical transition elements are metals and have 2 electrons in the outer energy level.metals are less active in gropus 1 and 2. |
| what forms the iron triad? | iron, cobalt, and nickel. they are in groups 8,9,10. theyn are also known to create a magnetic field. aluminum is the number 1 metal and iron is second in metals in abundance in earth's crust. |
| what are the 3 elements that are in group 11? | copper,gold, and silver are the elements in group 11.They are very unreactive that they can be found in nature. |
| what elements make up group 12? | zinc,cadmium, and mercury make up group 12. |
| metals in the crust | metals must be dug, or mined from earth's hardened outer layer. |
| ores:minerals and mixtures | metals in earth's crust that are in a combined form are found in ores. an ore consists of a metal compound, or a mineral within a mixture of clay or rock. it may later be alloyed with other metals. |
| transuranium element | elements having more that 92 protons, the atomic number of uranium, are called transuranium elements. |
| diatomic molecule | a diatomic molecule that consists of two atoms of the same element. |
| sublimination | the process of a solid changing directly to a vapor without forming a liquid. |
| what are the halogens | They are group 17 and they are Florine, Chlorine, Asatine |
| What are characteristics of the halogens ? | The halogens form very reactive diatomic covalent molecules and can be identified by their distinctive colors |
| What does halogen mean ? | salt former |
| Where do we use florine ? | In toothpastes and and in the water we drink to prevent tooth decay. |
| What forms a comet ? | a comet is formed from ice dust - ice unergoes sublimation |
| What characteristic do the noble gases have ? | the noble gases do naturally form compounds |
| What do halogen and noble gases illustrate for us ? | Noble gases and halogens illustrate that each element in a group has some similiar properties but also has unique properties and uses |
| What causes laser lights ? | laser lighs are caused by the noble gases. |
| Define semiconductor: | An element that conducts electricity under certain conditions |
| Give examples of semiconductors | they are metals such as Gallium; Indium; Thallium |
| What is the Boron Group ? | It is Group 13 and has aluminium; gallium; indium; thallium |
| What are the characteris of the Boron Group ? | They are semiconductors |
| What is Borons used for ? | It is used in Boric Acid a mild antiseptic |
| What is unique about aluminium ? | It is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust and is used in making soft drink cans, foil wrap, and cooking pans. |
| what are the mixed groups? | the mixed groups are gropus 13- 16 which contain metals,nonmetals,metaloids:they are both metalic and non metalic |
| what is the carbon group? | the carbon group is group 14 which contain carbon,silicon,geranium,tin,lead |
| what are the characteristics of the carbon group? | they are a cross over between metqals and nonmateal and each of thewir elements have 4 electrons in their outer energy level |
| what are allatropes? | allatropes are different forms of the same element having different form of a element |
| what is carbon used for? | diamomds are made of carbon and used for jewlery and cutting, also it is used for graphite which is a black powder thjat consists of hexagon layers of carbon atoms |
| what is graphite used for? | it makes a excallent lubericant |
| what are diamonds | diamonds are part of gropu 14 the carbon family/they are clear and extremely hard/they bond is called tetrahedrons which can form a large molecule with a crystal |
| name some other uses of carbon? | carbons are found in oils, gas, and foods/in these products the carbon comnines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide (co2) |
| what is carbon dioxide used for in nature? | the planta use carobn monoxide to make food |
| what is silicon? | silicon is second only to oxygen in the earth crust |
| where is silicon found? | silicon is found in sand in the form of silicon dioxide (si02) and in most rocks and soil/ silicopn dioxide is similar to tetrahedrons in diamonds/silicon has two isatopes 1. hard gray subtance 2. brown powder |
| what is geranium? | like silicon it is a semi conductor |
| what are the only two elements in the carbon family that are metaloids | they are silicon and geranium they are metaloids |
| what are the characteristics of tin and lead? | they are both typical metals/tin is used to ooat other metals to prevent corrosion/tin is also comnined with other metals to produce bronze and pewter |
| what is lead used for? | lead is used in paints,antiknock gasoline, and lead pencils/it is very poisonous |
| what is nitrogen group? | it is group 15 on the p.t. nitrogen ,phospherous,arsenic,antimony,bismuth/each element has 5 electrons in their outer energy level thta tend to share electrons to form covalent compounds with other elements |
| what is nitrogen? | 80% of the air we breathe is gasneous nitrogen which appears in the form of a diatomic molecule whos symbol is N subscript 2/it is the forth most abundant element in the human body/but ironically animals and plants cannot use nitrogen/for nitrogen to be used it must form compounds that contain nitrate ions |
| what is one of the main uses of nitrogen? | to make fertilizers such as no3- which is a nitrate, ammonia, NH3 |
| what is phosphorus? | it is a nonmetal that has 3 allatropes which can be used for water softeners, fertilizers, and match heads |
| what is antimony? | it is a metaloid which can lower the melting point of other elemtns |
| what is bismuth? | it is a metal that also can be used to lower the melting point in metals and is found in the head of fire sprinklers |
| what is the oxygen group? | it is 16 on the p.t. it is a nonmetal/ human beings can live a short time without oxygen/ it makes up 20% of the air we breathe/in the air it exsists as the diatomic molecule/during electrical stroms diatomic molecules change in to ozones/ theyfor they are both allotropes of oxygen |
| what is the importance of oxygen? | the animal kingdon depends on the existance of respiration of oxygen |
| what is the importance of the layer of ozone? | a layer of ozone surrouynds the earth which is a sheild which filters out |
| what is sulfur? | a nonmetal that can exist in allatropes/different dash shaped crystals ans as a noncystaline solid/sulfur combines with metals to form sulfides thta hav edistinc colors and used in pigmewnts of paints? |
| what is selenium? | it is a nonmetal and is important to have in our diet/many multi vitamins contain seliniunm/if too much is digested it can be harmful so it must be taken in the right amounts. |
| what is tellurium and polonium | both are metaloids found in groips 16/the oxygen group. |
