| A | B |
|---|
| carpal tunnel syndrome | painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass) |
| claudication | lameness, limping |
| crepitation | dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction) |
| electromyography | use of electrical stimulation to record the strength of muscle contraction |
| hemarthrosis | effusion of blood into a joint cavity |
| multiple myeloma | primary malignant tumor of blood cells usually arising in bone marrow, usually progressive, and generally fatal |
| phantom limb | illusion, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists. The sensation that pain exists in the removed part is known as phantom limb |
| prosthesis | replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity |
| rickets, rachitis | form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency |
| sequestrum | fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue. |
| spondylolisthesis | any forward slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra over the one below it |
| spondylosis | degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues; may cause pressure on nerve roots with subsequent pain or paresthesia in the extremities |
| sprain | tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete. A complete tear of a major ligament is especially painful and disabling. Ligamentous tissue does not heal well because of poor blood supply. Treatment consists of surgical reconstruction of the severed ligament |
| strain | excessive stretching of tissue composing the tendon or muscle, with no serious damage |
| subluxation | partial or incomplete dislocation |
| talipes | any number of foot deformities, especially those occurring congenitally; clubfoot |
| arthrography | a series of radiographs taken after injection of a radiopaque substance into a joint cavity, especially the knees or shoulder, in order to outline the contour of the joint |
| CT scan (bone) | radiograph taken as a camera scans the entire body following injection of a radioactive substance; used to evaluate skeletal involvement related to connective tissue disease |
| CT scan (joint) | radiograph taken as a camera scan to determine joint damage throughout the entire body; one of the most sensitive studies for early detection of joint disease |
| diskography | radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures in suspected cases of herniated disk |
| lumbosacral spinal radiography | radiograph of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of the lower spine. The most common indication for this procedure is lower back pain, to identify or differentiate traumatic, fractures, spondylosis, spondylolisthesis, and metastatic tumor |
| myelography, myelogram | radiography of the spinal cord after injection of contrast medium; used to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions |
| amputation | partial or complete removal of a limb |
| arthrocentesis | puncture of a joint to remove accumulated fluid |
| arthroclasia | surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement |
| arthroscopy | visual examination of a joint, especially the knee; used primarily to detect trauma or lesions and to obtain a biopsy of synovial tissue for microscopic examination. Synovial biopsy may also be obtained by needle or surgical incision |
| bone grafting | implanting or transplanting bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue |
| bursectomy | excision of bursa (a padlike sac or cavity found in connective tissue, usually in the vicinity of joints) |
| laminectomy | excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra; most often performed to relieve the symptoms of a ruptured intervertebral (slipped) disk |
| open reduction | treatment of bone fracture by the use of surgery to place the bones in proper position (i.e., reducing the fragments) |
| sequestrectomy | excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone) |
| synovectomy | excision of a synovial membrane |
| anti-inflammatories, antipyretics | non-narcotic analgesics used to relive pain, fever, and swelling in musculoskeletal inflammatory diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, gout). The main antirheumatic is aspirin. Prescribed in much larger dosages for arthritis than those used to treat other types of pain. When used for arthritis and gout, these drugs are also called NSAIDs |
| corticosteroids | major anti-inflammatory drugs used for none and joint disorders |
| gold therapy, aurotherapy, chrysotherapy | gold compounds used to treat rheumatoid arthritis |
| relaxants | drugs that reduce tension and produce relaxation (e.g., muscle relaxants provide therapeutic treatment that specifically relieves muscular tension) |
| C1, C2, and so on | first cervical vertebra, second cervical vertebra, and so on |
| L1, L2, and so on | first lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebra, and so on |
| T1, T2, and so on | first thoracic vertebra, second thoracic vertebra, and so on |
