| A | B |
|---|
| hijra | The migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam |
| Quran | The most holy book of Islam, believed to contain the teachings of Allah, or God, to Muhammad |
| mosque | A Muslim place of worship |
| oasis | A well-watered area in a desert |
| Islam | The religion of Muslims based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad in the A.D. 600s |
| caravan | A group of people and animals traveling together for safety, especially through a desert |
| Kaaba | A sacred Muslim shrine in Mecca |
| Muslim | A person who follows the practices of Islam, the religion founded by Muhammad |
| caliph | A Muslim leader who had both political and religious authority |
| algebra | A type of mathematics to which Muslims made great contributions |
| minaret | A tall, slender tower attached to a mosque from which prayer calls are made |
| Five Pillars | The five basic duties of all Muslims |
| astrolabe | An instrument invented by Muslims that is used to determine direction by figuring out the position of the stars |
| pilgrimage | A journey for religious purposes |
| calligraphy | Arabic handwriting designed in an artistic style |
| caliphate | Lands ruled by Islamic caliphs |
