| A | B |
|---|
| Puritans | Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England |
| Parliament | governing body in England |
| Separatists | people who wanted to separate from the Church of England |
| Pilgrims | name Separatists gave themselves when they decided to move to the New World |
| Mayflower Compact | a formal document created by the Pilgrims to provide order in the colony |
| Great Migration | movement of Puritans from England to Massachussets due to religious persecution |
| Royal Colony | colonies directly ruled by the Britain. The king usually appointed a governor to manage affairs of the colony |
| Charter Colony | established by groups of settlers who had been given a charter, or grant of rights and privileges |
| Joint-Stock Colony | investors bought stock, or part ownership of a colonyin return for a share of future profits |
| Proprietary Colony | colonies ruled by individuals or groups to whom Britain had granted land |
| Quakers | were tolerant of other religions and strongly against slavery |
| William Penn | founded Pennsylvania as a "Holy Experiment," a place where tolerance and equality were practiced |
| Mercantilism | economic theory that states a nation's power depends on expanding its trade; having more exports than imports |
| Triangular Trade | trade routes followed by merchant ships involving England, Africa, North America, and the West Indies |
| Albany Plan of Union | plan created by Benjamin Franklin proposing the colonies to join together for their mutual defense against France and Native Americans |
| Middle Passage | the most inhumane aspect of the triangilar trade. involved the shipping of enslaved Africans to West Indies |
| Minutemen | colonists in Massachussets who were ready to fight on a minute's warning |
| Anne Hutchinson | a Puritan who questioned religious authority. she was put on trial for heresy |
| Navigation Acts | law passed to ensure that only England benefited from trade with the colonies |
| Sugar Acts | required that a tax be paid when molasses and sugar from the West Indies entered the colonies |
| Quartering Acts | required colonists to provide food and housing for British troops |
| Treaty of Paris | result of French and Indian War |
| Townshend Acts | taxed goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea |
| writs of assistance | new way to collect taxes. customs officers could inspect a ship's cargo without giving a reason |
| British East India Company | largest supplier of tea to the colonies |
| Tea Act | passed by Parliament to aid the East India Company |
| committee of correspondence | informed colonies through letters and pamphlets on events in Massachussets |
| Samuel Adams | helped start the Sons of Liberty |
| Patrick Henry | gave moving speeches. best known for the quote, "give me liberty or give me death." |
| Crispus Attucks | African American sailor active in the Sons of Liberty,who was killed in the Boston Massacre |
| Declaration of Rights | created by the First Continental Congress, stated colonists' rights as British citizens |
| Olaudah Equiano | wrote about his horrific voyage across the Atlantic during the Middle Passage |
| First Continental Congress | delegates from each colony met in Philadelphia to discuss and protest the Intolerable Acts and ways to protect their colonial liberties |
| Intolerable Acts | laws enforced by King George III after the Boston Tea Party |
| Proclamation of 1763 | colonists could not settle lands west of the Appalachians due to Chief Pontiac's uprising |
| Militia | a group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies |
| Slave Codes | strict rules governing the behavior and punishment of enslaved Africans |
| James Oglethorpe | founded Georgia-a colony where English debtors and poor people could make a fresh start |
| Act of Toleration | law passed by Lord Baltimore that granted Protestants and Catholics the right to worship freely in Maryland |
| Fort Necessity | small post established by George Washington along the Ohio River near Fort Duquesne |
