| A | B |
|---|
| kinetic energy | energy that an object has due to its motion |
| potential energy | energy that is stored and held in readiness |
| mechanical energy | the sum of the kinetic and potential energy and the potential energy of a body |
| electromagnetic energy | the energy of light and other forms of radiation |
| electromagnetic wave | are transverse waves with some electrical and some magnetic properties |
| radiation | the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
| refraction | the bending of waves as they enter a different medium |
| reflection | the bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass |
| wave | a disturbance that transfers energy from place to place |
| sound | disturbance that travels through a medium as a longitudinal wave |
| thermal energy | the total energy of the particles in an object |
| specific heat | the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Kelvin |
| heat | thermal energy that is transferred from one substance to another |
| conduction | the transfer of heat between particles within a substance (the direct transfer of heat from one substance to another that it is touching) |
| convection | the transfer of heat by the movement of currents within a fluid |
| temperature | the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance (speed of molecules) |
| Celsius scale | the temperature scale on which zero and 100 are the temperatures at which water freezes and boils |
| Fahrenheit scale | the temperature scale on which 32 and 212 are the temperatures at which water freezes and boils |
| electrical energy | the energy of moving electrical charges |
| electron | a negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom |
| electric circuit | a complete path through which electric charges can flow |
| conductor | a material through which electrons move freely, forming an electric current |
| insulator | a material through which the charges of an electric current are not able to move |
| renewable energy resource | an energy resource that is powered by solar (sun’s) radiation at the present time rather than by fuels stored in the earth. (sun energy can be used for solar heating, solar cells, wind power) |
| non-renewable energy resource | an energy resource that is powered by materials that exist in the Earth and are not replaced nearly as fast as they are consumed. (fossil fuels include, coal, petroleum = gasoline, heating oil, natural gas and uranium (nuclear power) |
