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Music Theory part 1
Basic Italian and other musical terms
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| A | B |
|---|
| a | at, to, by, for, in the style of |
| aber | but |
| a capella | unaccompanied |
| accelerando | gradually getting faster |
| adagietto | rather slow, faster than adagio |
| adagio | slow, usually between andante and largo |
| a deux, a due | for two performers or instruments |
| ad lib. | at choice, passage may be performed freely or an instrument in the score may be omitted |
| affettuoso | tenderly |
| affrettando | hurrying |
| agitato | agitated |
| al, alla | to the, in the manner of |
| a la pointe | use bow (stringed instrument) at the point |
| alla breve | with a minim beat |
| alla marcia | in the style of a march |
| allargando | broadening |
| allegretto | fairly quick, not as fast as allegro |
| allegro | quick |
| als | than |
| alt | high |
| amore, amour | love |
| amabile | amiable, pleasant |
| amoroso | loving |
| andante | at a walking pace |
| andantino | slightly faster than andante |
| anima | soul, spirit |
| animando | becoming more lively |
| animato, anime | animated, lively |
| apaise | calmed |
| a piacere | at pleasure, not bound to follow the given rhythm |
| appasionato | with passion |
| arco | use the bow of the stringed instrument |
| assai | very, extremely |
| assez | enough, sufficiently |
| a tempo | in time, return to original speed |
| attaca | go straight on, indicatiing an immediate move to the next section of music |
| Ausdruck | expression |
| au talon | use the bow of string instrument at the heel |
| avec | with |
| ben, bene | well, very |
| bestimmt | with decision, definite |
| bewegt | with movement, agitated |
| bis | twice, repeat a short passage |
| bravura | skill, brilliance |
| breit | broad, expansive |
| brilliante, brilliant | brilliant |
| brio | vigour, animation |
| calando | getting softer, dying away |
| calmato, calme | calm, tranquil |
| cantabile | in a singing style |
| cantando | singing |
| capriccioso, capricieux | in a whimsical, fanciful style |
| cedez | yield, relax the speed |
| col, coll', colla, colle | with, with the |
| colla parte | keep with the soloist |
| colla voce | keep with the singer |
| col legno | with the wood, string player plays with wood of bow instead of hair |
| coll' ottava | with the octave, keyboard player doubles notes an octave higher |
| come, comme | as, similar to |
| come prima | as before |
| come sopra | as above |
| comodo | convenient |
| con | with |
| corda, corde | string, strings |
| crescendo, cresc., cres. | gradually getting louder |
| da | from |
| da capo (D.C.) | from the beginning |
| dal segno (D.S.) | from the sign |
| Dampfer | muste |
| deciso | with determination |
| decrescendo, decresc., decres. | gradually getting softer |
| delicato | delicate |
| detache | detached, usually applying to bowing on string instruments |
| diminuendo, dimin., dim. | gradually getting softer |
| divisi, div. | divided, direction to orchestral players to divide into two or more groups |
| doch | however, yet |
| dolce | sweet, soft |
| duolo | dolore |
| e, ed | and |
| egal, eguale | equal |
| ein | a |
| einfach | simple |
| Empfindung | emotion, feeling |
| emporte | fiery impetuous |
| en animant | becoming more lively |
| en cedant | yielding |
| en dehors | prominent, melody stands out |
| energico | energetic |
| enlevez | take up, take off, (for pedal or mute) |
| en mesure | in time |
| en pressant | hurrying on |
| en retenant | holding back |
| en serrant | becoming quicker |
| espressione | expression |
| espressivo, espress., espr., expressif | expressive |
| estinto | as soft as possible, lifeless |
| et | and |
| etwas | somewhat, rather |
| f | forte |
| facile | easy |
| felice | happy |
| feroce | fierce |
| feurig | fiery |
| fin, fine | end |
| Flatterzunge, Flzg. | flutter-tonguing, direction for wind players |
| flautato, flautando | flute-like |
| flessibile | flexible |
| fliessend | flowing |
| flottant | floating |
| forte | loud |
| fortepiano | loud, then immediately soft |
| forza | force |
| frei | free |
| fretta | haste |
| frisch | vigorous |
| frohlich | cheerfull, joyful |
| fuoco | fire |
| furioso | furious, frenzied |
| gebunden | joined |
| gehend | at a steady speed |
| gesangvoll | in a singing style |
| geschwind | quick |
| giocoso | playful, humorous |
| giojoso | joyful, merry |
| giusto | proper, exact |
| glissando, gliss. | slide |
| G.P. | an indication to individual performers that all are silent |
| gracieux | graceful |
| grandioso | grandly |
| grave | very slow, solemn |
| grazioso | graceful |
| immer | always |
| impetuoso | impetuous |
| incalzando | getting quicker |
| innig | heartfelt, sincere |
| inquieto | restless |
| in relievo | prominent, melody stands out |
| joyeux | joyful |
| kraftig | strong |
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