| A | B |
|---|
| stress | forces that push and pull on the Earth's crust, causing deformation |
| crust | the surface layer of the earth |
| deformation | a change in the original shape or volume of rock |
| compression | stress that squeezes rocks together |
| tension | stress that pulls rocks apart |
| shearing | stress that pushes rocks in two opposite horizontal directions |
| fracture | a break or crack in rocks |
| fault | a break or crack along which rock move |
| hanging wall | the block of rock above a fault |
| footwall | the block of rock below a fault |
| normal fault | fault in which the hanging wall moves down |
| reverse fault | a fault in which the hanging wall moves up |
| thrust fault | a reverse fault in which the hanging wall slides over the foot wall |
| lateral fault | a fault along which the blocks move horizontally past each other |
| core | the center of the earth |
| fold | a bend in rock |
| anticline | an upward fold in rock |
| syncline | a downward fold in rock |
| plateau | a large area of flat land that is raised high above sea level |
| dome mountain | a raised area formed by magma pushing upward on rock layers |
| mantle | the layer of the earth that extends from the core to the crust |
| fault-block mountain | mountain formed by blocks of rock uplifted from normal faults |
| isostasy | the balancing of the downward force of the crust and the upward force of the mantle |
| rift valley | low area formed when the land between two normal faults slides downward |
