| A | B |
|---|
| Paleo Indians | hunted mammoths 11,000 years ago |
| Olmecs | from Mexico, 1st form of writing, traded with the Mayas |
| Adenas | settled in Mississippi & Ohio River valleys |
| Hopewells | Built mound cities, later called Mississipians |
| Anasazi | lived in desert, pit house underground, then moved to Mesa Verde into cliffhouse |
| Pueblos | thought to be descendants of Anasazi |
| Eastern Woodland tribes | built houses out of wood, different styles for different ares |
| Northern Pacific tribes | fished for salmon, had potlatch ceremonies |
| Hernan Cortes | conquered the Aztecs Indians |
| Francisco Pizzaro | conquered the Inca nation from Peru, S, America |
| Jacques Cartier | explored the St. Lawerence River for the French |
| John Cabot | found Newfoundland for England |
| Francis Drake | English sea captain, raided Spanish treasure ships |
| La Salle | explored Mississppi River fro France |
| Vasco De Gama | sailed around the tip of S. Africa to India |
| patroons | rich Dutch men who were given parcels of land |
| Columbian Exchange | the transfer of goods, people, plants & diseases across the Atlantic Ocean & back again |
| Lord North | Prime Minister of England during Revolutionary War years |
| John Winthrop | believed everyone should worship in the church of England |
| Anne Hutchinson | didn't believe a minister was needed to talk to God |
| Patrick Henry | patriot for independence, "Give me liberty or give me death |
| Nathaniel Bacon | believed enopugh wasn't being done to help farmers, led a protest, burned down Jamestown |
| Virginia House of Burgess | created by the Virginia Company |
| Proclamation of 1763 | British banned migration past the Appalachian Mtn.'s |
| Mayflower Compact | created a democratic government for the Plymouth colony |
| Navigation Laws | set by the Navigation Acts, set up a closed trading system, restricted the goods colonists sould export & all good coming into colonies had to go through British port first |
| Horatio Gates | won American victory at the Battle of Saratoga |
| George Rogers Clark | won victory at Vinncennes, secured land west of Appalachain Mts. for Americans |
| General Cornwallis | lost at the Battle of Yorktown |
| General Layfette | French commander & Washington's ally, French troops fought with Americans to defeat the British |
| Baron Von Steuben | helped train American troops |
| First clash of Revolutionary War | Lexington/Concord |
| First major battle of Revolutionary War | Bunker Hill |
| Battle of Yorktown | last battle of the Revolutionary War |
| Brandywin, Brooklyn Heights | British victories |
| Battle of Saratoga | turning point of Revolutionary War |
| Articles of Conferderation | First plan for government |
| Virginia Plan | Most like our Constitution, had pres. courts & 2 house congress-both based on population |
| Federalist Papers | 85 essays written to explain the reason the Constitution was needed, authors; John Jay, Alexander Hamiliton & James Madison |
| The Great Compromise | the creation of a 2 house congress, Senate; 2 from every state, House of Representatives; based on population |
| 3/5's Compromise | 5 slaves would count as 3 non-slaves when it came to voting matters, appeased southern states |
| Ordinance of 1785 | made a system for surveying & dividing territories |
| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | made rules for how a territory became a state |
| US Constitution | became a law when ratified by 9 states, father of Constitution, James Madison |
| Election of 1796 | First contested election |
| War of 1812 | no winner, it was a draw, war between Great Britain and US |
| Manifest Destiny | the idea that it was meant to be that the US extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific |
| Monroe Doctrine | President Monroe's 1823 warning to European nations to stay out of North and South America |
| Cyrus McCormick | invented the mechanical reaper, harvested wheat in 3 hours |
| steamboat | possible to move easily up stream, canals built |
| railroad | transcontinental connected east to west coast, allowed for transport of people & goods |
| John Calhoun | US Senator from S.C., defended slavery, believed in states rights & nullification |
| Henry Clay | US Senator from KY, created compromises |
| Daniel Webster | US Senator from Massachussetts, wanted high tariffs to protect Northern industries, didn't believe in nullification |
| William Lloyd Garrison | abolitionists, editor of "The Liberator" |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederacy |
| The Emancipation Proclamation | issued by Lincoln, said all slaves were free in the Confederacy |
| Gettysburg Address | Given by Lincoln, dedicates part of the battlefield as a cemetary |
| states rights | belief that states should decide major issues for themselves w/o national governemnt interference |
| Dred Scott Decision | US Supreme Court declared that it was unconstitutional to ban slavery anywhere in US & people of African descent could not be citizens |
| Battle of Gettysburg | turning point of the Civil War, North's favor |
| nullification | the idea that individual states had the right to declare a federal law illegal |
| WEB DuBois | with others founded the NAACP |
| Alice Paul | leader of the Suffragist Movement |
| Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt | conservationist, supported Progressive Movement, organized "Rough Riders" during Spanish American War |
| Upton Sinclair | author of "The Jungle", described meat packing industry |
| Wovoka | believed the Ghost Dance would bring back all men & beast killed by the whites |
| Progressive Movement | one of the most successful reform groups in our history, wanted to regulate big business, pass laws protecting workers & poor & reform state & town governments |
| Pure Food & Drug Act 1906 | stated contents must be labeled |
| Meat Inspection Act of 1906 | strict standards of cleanliness & system for inspecting meat |
| Wounded Knee | place where Calvary surrounded Indian protesters protesting Sitting Bull's death- 300 Indians died or froze |
| suffrage | right to vote |
| Temperance Movement | Anti-saloon group wanted to ban alcohol |
| Isolationism | US policy after WWI, stay away from foreigh entanglements |
| League of Nations | First attempt to settle disputes between nations peacefully, Pres. Wilson wanted US to join bur Senate voted against it |
| Roosevelt Corollary | expansion of the Monroe Doctrine, said US had right to intervene in affairs of Latin America |
| Argonne Forest | last battle Americans fought in WWI, signaled German retreat |
| Panamal Canal | short cut from Atlantic to Pacific Oceans, opened 1914 |
