| A | B |
|---|
| sclera | tough layer that protects the inner structure of the eye and helps maintain shape of the eye; white of the eye |
| conjunctiva | mucus membrane that lines the eyelid and extends from the eyelid to the from of the eyeball |
| retina | contains rods and cones - receptors of vision allowing us to see images |
| cornea | tough, transparent, colorless and covers the pupil and iris |
| lens | adjusts to focus on both near and far objects |
| iris | colored part of eye, controls the amount of light entering the eye |
| pupil | the window of the eye thourhg which light passes to the lens and the retina |
| lacrimal glands | located in the uppoer outer aspect of each upper eyelid, prevents infection and moistens the eye |
| ocular extrusion | eye is protruding from socket |
| eye irrigation | used to flush superficial foreign bodies or toxic chemicals from one or both eyes |
| radius | lateral bone of the forearm |
| cranium | enclosed and protects the brain tissue |
| manidible | lower jaw |
| maxillae | fused bones of the upper jaw |
| foramen magnum | primary opening through which pressure can be release - opening from which the spinal cord passes through |
| cerebrum | higher functions |
| cerebellum | primitive functions |
| brain stem | vital body functions |
| concussion | trauma to the head with a variable period of unconsciousness or confusion and then a return to normal consciousness |
| cerebral contusion | bruised brain tissue |
| acromion process | highest portion of the shoulder |
| humerus | bone between shoulder and elbow |
| skull | made up of the cranium, facial and mandible |
| wrist | made up of eight carpals |
| shoulder | consists of clavicle and scapula |
| phalanges | finger and toe bones |
| metacarpals | bones of the hand |
| ilium | wide bony wing that can be felt near the waist |
| ischium | inferior, posterior portion of the pelvis |
| pubis | formed by joining of the bones of the anterior pelvis |
| acetabulum | socket of the hip joint |
| femur | thigh bone |
| patella | kneecap; sits anterior to knee joint |
| tibia | larger bone of the lower leg; shin bone |
| fibula | lateral bone of the lower let |
| lateral malleolus | lower end of the fibula |
| medial malleolus | lower end of tibia |
| metatarsals | foot bones |
| calcaneus | heel bone |
| closed fracture | bone injury that is entirely internal |
| dislocations | bone is forceibly displaced from its joint |
| sprains | injury to the ligaments and soft tissues that support a joint |
| strains | forcible over-stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon |
| contusions | caused by blunt trauma that may damage bones, muscles, tendons, blood vessels, nerves and other both tissues |
| vertebrae | irregular shaped bones |
| spinal column | houses and protects spinal cord while providing structure and support for the body |
| brain | controls all functions of the body, voluntary and involuntary |
| cranial nerves | carry impulses to and from specialized organs to the brain |
| spinal nerves | carry messages to and from the spinal cord |
| cervical collar | a firm support to assist in cervical stabilization |
| KED | short spinal stabilization device used to extricate pateints from vehicles or confined spaces |
| impaired breathing | may indicate damaged spinal nerves, which send information to the respiratory center of the brain |
| sacrum | five separate bones as a child but fuse to form one bone as an adult |
| subcutaneous emphysema | presence of air in soft tissues causing a characteristic crackling sensation on palpation |
| priapism | persistent erection of the penis often associated with a spinal cord injury |
| lumbar vertebrae | heavy, larger bones located at the small of the back |
| foramen | large hole in spinal column for the spinal cord |
| reflex activity | transfer and integration of messages that enter the cord |
| hyperextension | excessive posterior movement of the head or neck |
| hyperflexion | excessive anterior movement of the head or neck |
| distraction | excessive stretching of the column or the cord |
| battle's sign | swelling and/or discoloration behind the ear |
| raccoon eyes | swelling and/or discoloration around both eyes can indiciate basilar skull fracture |
| splints | used to immobilize fractures to prevent further damage |
| slings | bandages suspended from the neck to support an upper extremity |
| swathes | bands of cloth, pistol belts, ect. that are used to further immobilize a splinted fracture |
| intercostal muscles | located between adjacent ribs and function as secondard muscles of respiration |
| diaphragm | a musculobibrous partition separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities, which wlll vary in location based on the phase of respiration |
| pneumothorax | caused by an accumulation of air within potential space between visceral and parietal pleura |
| open pheumothorax | caused by penetrating thoracic injury and may present as a sucking chest wound |
| pulmonary contusion | common chest injury produced by blunt trauma |
| flail chest | occurs when three or more adjacent ribs are fractured in at least two places |
| pericardia sac | inelastic membrance surrounding the heart |
| permanent cavity | created as a bullet penetrates through and crushes the tissue it its path |
| temporary cavity | streatching of the surrounding tissue that is created at the energy of the bullet is released into the surrounding tissue ahead of the bullet via a sonic shock wave and hydrostatic energy that is reated |
