| A | B |
|---|
| Crystal | a repeating pattern of atoms that forms a solid |
| Cleavage | the way a mineral breaks |
| Hardness | the ability of a substance to resist being scratched |
| Big Bang | Theory that states that the universe as we know it is a result of an explosion of concentrated matter and energy that continues to expand |
| Gravity | force that is thought to be primarily responsible for the formation of the galaxies after the big bang |
| Elliptical Galaxy | spherical shaped galaxies |
| Spiral Galaxy | a type of galaxy which is made up of a larger center with smaller "arms" branching off of it |
| Irregular Galaxy | a type of galaxy that does not have an orderly shape |
| Milky Way Galaxy | an example of a spiral galaxy |
| Inorganic | not made of living things or from anything that was once living |
| Moh's scale | scale used to measure the hardness of a mineral |
| Luster | the way in which a mineral reflects liht from its surfac e |
| Streak | after a mineral has been rubbed on a surface, the color of the powder left behind is known as |
| Malleability | ability to be hammered into thin sheets |
| Ductibility | ability to be drawn into a wire |
| Ore | minerals from which metals and nonmetals can be removed in usable amounts |
| Igneous | are formed when magma cools and hardens |
| Sedimentary | are small pieces of rocks, sediments, and other minerals, that have been cemented together |
| Metamorphic | rocks that have been changed from one type of rock into another type of rock |
| Petrologists | someone who studies about rocks |
| Rock Cycle | the continous changing of rocks into other types of rocks |
| Intrusive | igneous rocks that are formed deep within the earth |
| extrusive | igneous rocks that are formed at the earth's surface |
| strata | layers of sedimentary rocks |
| P waves | fastest seismic waves |
| S waves | secondary seismic waves |
| L waves | slowest waves, cause the most damage |
| fault | break or crack along which rocks move |
| seisomograph | used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake |
| seismologist | someone who studies about earthquakes |
| richter scale | scale which shows earthquake magnitude |
| continental drift | theory that states that all of the present continents were once joined together and over time have drifted apart |
| magma | hot liquid rock |
| lava | magma that reaches the earth's surface |
| plate tectonics | a theory that combines the idea of continental drift and ocean foor spreading to explain the movements of the earth's crust |
| mold | fossil formed in a rock by a dissolved organism that leaves a mark in its place |
| imprint | fossil formed when a thin object leaves an impression in mud and the mud hardens |
| natural selection | survival of the fittest |
| amber | where the Dino Dna came from in Jurassic Park |
| Darwin | wrote origin of species, pioneer in evolutionary theory |
| focus | the point beneath the earth's surface where the earth is breaking during an earthquake |
| epicenter | the point directly above the focus |
| gem | a rare, beautiful mineral |
| homologous structure | structures in different organisms that are similar in structure, but may not be used for the same purpose |
| vestigial organ | a body part that seems functionless |
| fossil | remains or evidence of a living thing |
| half life | the amount it takes for one-half of the atoms of a sample of radioactive elements to decay |
