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Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic rock identification emphasizes textural aspects when the mineral content is formed by mixed silicates and the mineral content when the mineral composition is predominately one mineral. Textural aspects include crystal size (very fine/fine = invisible and medium/coarse = visible) and the presence or absence of foliation. Foliation involves parallel alignment of crystals. Types of foliation include slaty (rock) cleavage and phyllitic, schistose, and gneissic foliation. Mineral contents include the mixed silicate group and the calcite, quartz, or carbon groups.
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| A | B |
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| gneiss | mixed silicates, medium to coarse, foliated into mineral bands |
| granulite | mixed silicates, medium to coarse, not foliated |
| schist | mixed silicates, medium to coarse, foliated as parallel individual crystals |
| phyllite | mixed silicates, very fine/fine, foliated with parallel individual crystals forming a mineral like luster |
| slate | mixed silicates, very fine/fine, foliated with parallel individual crystals forming a distinctive fracturing pattern |
| hornfels | mixed silicates, very fine/fine, not foliated |
| anthracite | carbon, shiny luster, not foliated |
| metaconglomerate | quartz with "pebble" shapes, not foliated |
| stretch pebble conglomerate | quartz, foliated with parallel orientation of "pebble" shapes |
| quartzite | quartz, foliated or not foliated |
| marble | calcite, foliated or not foliated |
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