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Mineral Classification
Minerals are naturally occurring chemical elements or chemical compounds. They are classified into groups by their chemical composition. The chemical elements are known as native elements. The chemical compounds are grouped first by their anion and second by their cations.
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| A | B |
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| gold, silver, platinum group | native elements, precious metals |
| copper | native element |
| sulfur | native element |
| diamond | native element, polymorph of carbon |
| graphite | native element, polymorph of carbon |
| mercury | native element, liquid metal |
| quartz | silicate group, framework structure |
| feldspar | silicate group, framework structure, felsic cations |
| plagioclase | silicate group, framework structure, Ca & Na cations |
| orthoclase | silicate group, framework structure, K cations |
| muscovite | silicate group, sheet structure, felsic cations |
| biotite | silicate group, sheet structure, mafic cations |
| amphibole | silicate group, double chain structure, mafic cations |
| pyroxene | silicate group, single chain structure, mafic cations |
| olivine | silicate group, unit structure, mafic cations |
| garnet | silicate group, unit structure, mafic & felsic cations |
| topaz | silicate group, unit structure, Al cations |
| zircon | silicate group, unit structure, Zr cation |
| epidote | silicate group, pair structure, felsic & mafic cations |
| beryl (emerald, aquamarine, morganite) | silicate group, ring structure, Be & Al cations |
| tourmaline | silicate group, ring structure, mixed cations |
| ice | oxide group, H cations |
| bauxite | oxide group, Al cations |
| corundum (ruby & sapphire) | oxide group, Al cations |
| hematite | oxide group, Fe cations |
| magnetite | oxide group, Fe cations |
| limonite, goethite | oxide group, Fe cations |
| rutile | oxide group, Ti cations |
| calcite, aragonite | carbonate group, Ca cations |
| dolomite | carbonate group, Ca & Mg cations |
| azurite, malachite | carbonate group, Cu cations |
| gypsum (satin spar, selenite, alabaster) | sulfate group, Ca cations |
| anhydrite | sulfate group, Ca cations |
| barite | sulfate group, Ba cations |
| pyrite (marcasite) | sulfide group, Fe cations |
| chalcopyrite | sulfide group, Fe & Cu cations |
| bornite | sulfide group, Cu & Fe cations |
| cinnabar | sulfide group, Hg cations |
| galena | sulfide group, Pb cations |
| sphalerite | sulfide group, Zn cations |
| realgar | sulfide group, As cations |
| halite | halide group, Na cations |
| sylvite | halide group, K cations |
| fluorite | halide group, Ca cations |
| apatite | phosphate group, Ca cations |
| turquoise | phosphate group, Cu cations |
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