| A | B |
|---|
| Residual Soil (def) | Soil that has weathered directly from the bedrock beneath it; the bedrock is its parent material |
| Transported Soil (def) | Soil has been moved & doesn't match the bedrock beneath it |
| Parent Material (def) | Bedrock that is the source of soil |
| Creep (def) | Slow inperceptible downslope movement |
| Creep Examples | Trees, fences & telephone poles that lean down hill |
| Humus | Organic material found in the topsoil |
| Chemical Weathering (def) | Weathering that changes a rock's minerals into different substances |
| Chemical Weathering 3 Examples | Hydrolysis, Oxidation, Carbonic Acid |
| Mechanical Weathering (def) | Weathering in which rock is split or broken into smaller pieces |
| Hydrolysis (def) | Type of chemical weathering in which water reacts with & changes the minerals present in a rock |
| Meaning of Hydro | Water |
| Meaning of Lysis | To split |
| Frost Action (def) | The splitting of rock due to the force of expansion of freezing water |
| Erosion (def) | The removal of weathered matierals by winds, rain, glaciers or gravity |
| 4 Agents of Erosion | Wind, Water, Glaciers, Gravity |
| Frost Action Synonym | Ice Wedging |
| Mechanical Weathering Synonym | Disintegration |
| Chemical Weathering Synonym | Decomposition |
| 3 Types of Mechanical Weathering | Ice Wedging, Wetting & Drying, Exfoliation, Roots, Ice Heaving |
| 2 Types of Weathering | Mechanical & Chemical |
| 2 Organisms that live together symbiotically to form Lichen | Algae & Fungus |
| Oxidation Synonym | Rust |
| Man made product that contains Carbonic Acid | Soda |
| % of space frozen ice takes up compared to an equal amount of liquid water | 10% |
| Ice Heaving (def) | Ice wedging that lifts up pavement, compresses underlying soil & then when thawing accurs the pavement drops in under heavy weight causing a pothole |
| Type of Mechanical Weathering that causes potholes | Ice Heaving |
| Wetting & Drying (def) | Type of Mechanical Weathering in which a rock soaks up water, swells, dries up over time, shrinks & falls apart |
| Type of Mechanical Weathering which causes clay to fall apart | Wetting & drying |
| How do lichen's mechanically weather rock? | Their roots wedge into the cracks in a rock & split the crack open more & more over time |
| Exfoliation (def) | The peeling away of the surface layers of rock |
| 3 Things that effect the rate of weathering | Type of rock, amount of rock exposed, climate |
| A sedimentary rock that weathers faster than Granite | Shale |
| Carbonic Acid (def) | Carbon Dioxide dissolved in water that can chemically weather rock such as limestone |
| Mass Movement (def) | The movement of soil, & rock fragments downslope due to the pull of gravity |
| 5 Examples of Mass Movement | Creep, Landslide, Avalanche, Slump, Mudflow |
| 2 things used to classify types of mass movement | Size of the material & Speed of the movement of the material |
| Talus (def) | A pile of rock fragments at the base of a cliff, the result of mass movement near a steep slope |
| Item found in the highest % by volume in soil | Mineral matter |
| Soil Profile (def) | A cross section of soil exposed by digging |
| A - Horizon Synonym | Topsoil |
| B - Horizon Synonym | Subsoil |
| C - Horizon (def) | Slightly Weathered parent material |
| B - Horizon contains | Clay & Minerals transported deeper by groundwater |
| Range of years to replace eroded soil | 100-400 years |
| Windbreaks (def) | Belt of trees along the edge of a field |
| Contour Farming (def) | Planting crops in rows parallel to the land contours |
| Terraces (def) | Flattening of hill slopes to slow the flow of water &erosion |
| Strip Cropping (def) | Planting a crop that leaves bare ground between rows alternated with a crop that completely covers the ground |
| Example of 2 crops used in strip cropping | Corn & Alfalfa |
| No - Till Method (def) | Plowing, planting & fertilizing are all done at the same time so there is less chance of wind removing soil |
| Which of the following weathers the slowest: shale, granite, limestone, marble? | Granite (Quartz is very resistant to weathering |
