| A | B |
|---|
| People of the book | Muslims refer to Jews and Christians as... |
| Rightly Guided Caliphs, Umayyads, Abbasids | The correct order of leadership that followed Muhammads rule... |
| Shi'a | This Muslim minority group felt that the leader of all Muslims should be a relative of Muhammad |
| Sunni | The Muslim minority group who believed the faithful should follow Muhammads example, but did not overtly resist Umayadd's rule |
| Sufi | The Muslim minority group who pursed a life of poverty and devotion in reaction to the Umayadd's luxurious life |
| House of Wisdom | An institution in Baghdad which was a combination library, academy, and translation center |
| Five pillars of Islam | The duties required by all Muslims which include fasting, prayer, faith, a pilgrimage and charity |
| Abbasids | This ruling group moved the capital to Baghdad from Damascus,created a huge bureaucracy which included a treasury, chancery, Dept of army, diplomatic corps, and system of taxation |
| Rightly Guided Capilphs | This was the first ruling group after Muhammad who used the Koran and Muhammad's example as a guide, as well as military force to build a huge empire |
| Umayyads | This Muslim ruling group moved the capital from Mecca to Damascus, they adopted a life of wealth and ceremony which caused spliter groups to develop in opposition to them |
| Caliph | successor or deputy |
| Achievements of Muslims | Algebra, Astrolabe, Optics, Cartogrpahy |
| Caligraghy | The Muslim art of handwriting developed b/c Muslims could not depict living beings |
| Battle of Tours | In 732, this ended Berber (muslim) expansion in Europe |
| Nika rebellion | A series of anti-govenment riots where Blues and Greens (rich and poor) united against goverment |
| Mamelukes | Turkish military slaves who were bought by the Abbasids and prized for their skill and loyalty |
| Justinian | The Byzantine emperor who was known for Codifing Roman law, rebuilding Constantinople, and rebuilding the Hagia Sophia |
| icons | relgious images used by Eastern Christians to aid their devotions |
| Boyars | Russian nobles |
| Justinian Code | the result of Justinian's revising and organizing Roman law in an effort to preserve Roman legal principles and and practices |
| Theodora | The Empress of Byzantine who rose from poverty to use her position to help the poor |
| Vladimir | The Russian ruler who sent out teams to study the major religions and based on the final report he and all his subjects converted to Byzantine Christianity |
| Yaroslav the Wise | Vladimir' s son who led Kiev to great glory including laws, libraries, and many churches |
| Ivan III | He was the first to take the title Czar, he hoped to make Russia the Third Rome first by ridding Russia of the Mongols |
| Malik Shah | The greatest Suljuk sultan who was a patron of the arts and sciences who established religious tolerance throughout the empire |
| Berbers | A Muslim Group who lived in Southern Spain who created a magnificient Muslim State called al-Andalus |
| Fatimid Dynasty | An independant Muslim group named after Muhammads daughter which began in No. Africa |
| sakks | letters of credit offered by banks, Europeans called them checks |
| Hagia Sophia | Justinian rebuilt this church to be the most magnificient in the Christian world. Today it is a mosque |
| patriarch | The leading Bishop of the Eastern Orthodox church |
| iconclasts | people connected to the army who broke into churches and destroyed icons |
| excommunication | The declaration by a Catholic Church official which bans a person from the church |
| schism | split |
| Cyrillic alphabet | Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius invented an alphabet for the Slavic languages so the bible could be written and read in their own languages |
| Slavs | The people from the forests North of the Black Sea |
| Alexander Nevsky | The prince of Novgorod who encouraged fellow nobles to cooperate with Mongols, he helped crush revolts and collected oppressive taxes for the Mongols |
| Czar | Russian word for Caesar |
| Seljuks | Turks who migrated into the Abbasid empire eventually conquering surrounding lands |
| vizier | prime minister |
| shah | Persian word for King |
