| A | B |
|---|
| habeas corpus | Constitutional right that protects people from being held in prison unlawfully |
| martial law | rule by the army instead of by the usual gov't officials |
| casualties | soldiers killed, wounded, captured or missing |
| draft | a system requiring men to serve in the military |
| income tax | a tax on money earned from work or investments |
| total war | war against armies & a people's resources & will to fight |
| Border States | slave states that remained in the Union; MO, KY, MD, & DE |
| the Union | the northern states, army, and gov't in the Civil War |
| the Confederates | people who supported or soldiers who fought for the South in the Civil War |
| Billy Yanks | Union soldiers |
| Johnny Rebs | Confederate soldiers |
| Robert E. Lee | CSA military leader; commanded the Army of Northern VA |
| Richmond, VA | capital of the CSA (2nd) |
| Abraham Lincoln | President of the US during the Civil War |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the CSA |
| Anaconda Plan | Union's strategy to win the Civil War; capture Richmond, contol the MS River, & blockade CSA ports |
| Stonewall Jackson | brilliant CSA general killed in 1863; CSA never recovered from his loss |
| The Merrimac | CSA ironclad |
| The Virginia | name given the Merrimac by CSA after it was ironsided |
| The Monitor | Union ironclad |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Union military leader; eventually commanded all US armies |
| Battle of Shiloh | major Union victory in TN led by Grant; gave Union control of much of KY & TN |
| George B. McClellan | early commander of the Army of the Potomac; fired by Lincoln after Antietam; ran for President in 1864 & lost |
| Army of the Potomac | Union's major army in the Eastern theater |
| Army of Northern Virginia | CSA's army in the Eastern theater commanded by Lee |
| Battle of Antietam | a draw; turning point in the war because CSA lost hope of foreign aid & Lincoln allowed to issue Emancipation Proclamation |
| emancipation | granting or giving freedom |
| Emancipation Proclamation | document issued after Antietam by Lincoln changing Union's cause for fighting the war to ending slavery; freed slaves in areas still in rebellion against the Union as of 1/1/1863 |
| Dorothea Dix & Elizabeth Blackwell | set up gov't (US) hospitals & a training program for female nurses |
| Clara Barton | served as a battlefield nurse; worked to help locate missing Union soldiers after the war; founded the American Red Cross |
| Copperheads | name given to Northern Democrats who opposed the war & publicly called for peace |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Union victory; turning point in the East because the South was now completely on the defensive & never threatened Union territory again; Lee's huge losses were almost irreplaceable |
| George G. Meade | commanded the Army of the Potomac at Gettysburg |
| George E. Pickett/Pickett's Charge | CSA commander of the major battle of the 3rd day at Gettysburg; led a disasterous attack resulting in 50% casualties & defeat at Gettysburg for CSA |
| Battle of Vicksburg | turning point in the West; huge Union victory led by Grant; gave Union control of MS River & split CSA in half |
| William Tecumseh Sherman | Union general who captured Atlanta & conquered the Deep South; practiced total war |
| Battle of Atlanta | Union victory led by Sherman giving Union control of major transportation/distribution center for supplies from the Deep South; insured Lincoln's re-election |
| Appomatox Courthouse | VA town that was the site for Lee's surrender to Grant effectively ending the Civil War |
