| A | B |
|---|
| perichondrium | layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal cartilage; resists outward expansion of cartilage |
| perichondrium | source of blood vessels from which nutrients diffuse to the chondrocytes; thus limiting cartilage thickness |
| hyaline | provide support with flexibility and resilience |
| hyaline | form articular cartilages |
| articular cartilage | cover the ends of most bone at moveable joints |
| hyaline | form costal cartilage |
| costal cartilage | connect ribs to sternum |
| hyaline | form respiratory cartilage |
| respiratory cartilage | skeleton of the larynx; reinforce other respiratory passageways |
| hyaline | forms nasal cartilage ( supports the external nose) |
| elastic | able to withstand repeated bending |
| elastic | support external ear |
| elastic | form epiglottis |
| fibrocartilage | highly compressible; great tensile strength |
| fibrocartilage | forms in sites that are subjected to heavy pressure and stretch (ie menisci of the knee, intervertebral discs of the spine) |
| appositional growth | new matrix is secreted onto existing cartilage from cartilage-forming cells in the perichondrium |
| interstitial growth | chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix |
| axial skeleton | bones of skull, vertebral column, and rib cage |
| axial skeleton | functions to protect, support, and carry other body parts |
| appendicular skeleton | bones of upper and lower limbs, shoulder bones and hip bones ( girdles) |
| appendicular skeleton | function in locomotion and manipulation of the environment |
| long bones | all bones of limbs (except patella,wrist and ankle) |
| short bones | bones of wrist and ankle |
| sesamoid bones | form within a tendon |
| sesamoid bones | ex. patella |
| flat bones | sternum, scapulae, ribs, most skull bones |
| irregular bones | ex. vertebrae, hip bones |
| compact bone | external layer of bone |
| spongy bone | a honeycomb of trabeculae where the open spaces are filled with red or yellow bone marrow |
| diaphysis | shaft - has a thick collar of compact boen that surrounds a central medullary cavity |
| epiphysis | exterior=compact bone; interior = spongy bone; are the bone ends |
| periosteum | outer fibrous layer = dense irregular; inner osteogenic layer = contains osteoblasts & osteoclasts |
| nutrient foramen | nerve fibers, lymphatic and blood vessels enter the bone shaft through this opening |
| Sharpey's fibers | tufts of collagen fibers that extend fron the fibrous layer into bone matrix to secure the periosteum |
| endosteum | covers the trabeculae of spongy bone and lines the canals through compact bone; contains osteoclasts and osteoblasts |
| red marrow | found in the cavities of spongy bone of long bones and in to diploe of flat bones |
| Haversian canals | contain small blood vessels and nerve fibers to serve the needs of the oseteons |
| Volkmann's canals (perforating) | lie at right angles to the long axis of the bone; connect the blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to the central canals and medullary cavity |
| interstitial lamellae | fill gaps between forming osteons and remnants of osteons |
| circumferential lamellae | extend around the circumference of the shaft |
| Osteoid | includes ground substance collagen fibers; contribute to the bone's structure and flexibility and tensile strength |
| Hydroxyapatites | mineral salts |
