| A | B |
|---|
| cell | The structural and functional unit of life |
| Tissues | Groups of cells that perform a specialized activity. |
| Organs | Body structures composed of at least two different tissue types that perform specialized functions. |
| Systems | Composed of at least one organ and accessory structures that have similar or interrelated functions |
| Organism | A complete living entity capable of independent existence. |
| Disease | A pathological or morbid condition of the body that presents a group of signs, symptoms, and clinical findings. |
| Signs | Objective indicators that are observable by others. |
| Symptoms | Are subjective and experienced by the patient. |
| Clinical Findings | The results of laboratory examinations and other tests performed on the patient. |
| Homeostasis | A stable internal environment that provides a narrow range of temperature, water, acidity, and salt concentration that allows cells to function properly. |
| Pathology | When homeostasis is significantly interrupted and cells, tissue, organs, or systems are unable to meet the challenges of everyday life. |
| Pathogenesis | The study of the progression of a disease. |
| Etiology | The study of all factors involved in the development of a disease. |
| Diagnosis | Establishing the nature and cause of a disease. |
| Prognosis | The prediction of the course and probable outcome of a disease. |
| Anatomical position | The body is erect, eyes looking forward, the upper limbs hang to the side with the palms facing forward. |
| Anatomical plane | An imaginary flat surface passing through the body at different places to divide it for anatomical purposes. |
| Midsgittal or median | Right and left halves |
| Sagittal | Unequal right and left sides |
| Coronal or frontal | Front side (anterior or ventral aspect) and back side (posterior or dorsal aspect) |
| Transverse or horizontal | Upper portion (superior aspect) and lower protion (inferior aspect) |
| Two major body cavities | Dorsal and ventral |
| Dorsal Cavity contains: | cranial and spinal cavities |
| Ventral cavity contains: | thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
| Diaphragm | Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity. |
| Thoracic body cavity contains: | heart, lungs and associated structures. |
| Abdominopelvic contains these systems: | digestive, excretory and reproductive systems and associated structures. |
| Abdominopelvic region divisions: | Right hypochondriac, Epigastric, hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac. |
| Epigastric | Region of the stomach. |
| Right hypochondriac | Upper right region beneath the ribs. |
| Left hypochondriac | Upper left region beneath the ribs. |
| Right lumbar | Right middle lateral region |
| Umbilical | Region of the navel. |
| Left lumbar | Left middle lateral region |
| Right iliac | Right lower lateral region |
| Hypogastric | Lower middle region beneath the navel. |
| Left Iliac | Left lower lateral region. |
| Division of the Spine | Cervical (neck), thoracic (chest), lumbar (loin), sacral (lower back), coccyx (tailbone) |
| Superficial | Toward the surface of the body. |
| Deep | Away from the surface of the body (internal). |
| Abduction | Movement away from the median plane of the body or one of its parts. |
| Adduction | Movement toward the median plane of the body. |
| Medial | Pertaining to the midline of the body or structure |
| Lateral | Pertaining to a side |
| Superior (Cephalad) | Toward the head or upper portion of a structure |
| Inferior (Caudal) | Away from the head, or toward the tail or lower part of a structure. |
| Proximal | Near the attachment of an extremity to the trunk or a structure |
| Distal | Farther from the attachment of an extremity to the trunk or a structure |
| Anterior (Ventral) | Near the back of the body. |
| Parietal | Pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity. |
| Visceral | Pertaining to an organ. |
| Prone | Lying horizontal with the face downward, or the hand with palms turned downward. |
| Supine | Lying on the back with the face upward, or position of the hand or foot with the palm or foot facing upward. |
| Inversion | Turning inward or inside out. |
| Eversion | Turning outward |
| Palmar | Pertaining to the palm of the hand. |
| Plantar | Pertaining to the sole of the foot. |
| Ablation | Removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, or radiofrequency |
| Adhesion | A uniting or holding together of two surfaces or parts as in wound healing. |
| Dehiscence | The bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound. |
| polyp | a tumor with a pedicle, commonly found in vascular organs such as the nose, uterus, and rectum |
| sepsis | pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the bloodstream |
| suppurative | producing or associated with generation of pus |
| anastomosis | the joining together of two ducts or blood vessels to allow flow from one to the other; bypass |
| cauterize | to destroy tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals |
| curettage | scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette |
| incision and drainage (I&D) | a incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity |
| ligation | the process of binding or tying using a band, bandage, thread, or wire |
| resection | partial excision of a bone, organ, or other structure |
| radical dissection | surgical removal of tissue in an extensive area surrounding the surgical site, to excise all tissue that may be malignant |
