| A | B |
|---|
| compare | To point out how things are alike and how they are different. |
| contrast | To show differences. |
| virus | A tiny particle that can reproduce only inside the cells of living things. |
| cell | The basic unit of a living organism. |
| nucleus | The cell part that controls the cell's activities. |
| cell membrane | A thin layer that makes up the ouside of the cell and controls what enters and leaves it. |
| cytoplasm | A jellylike material that fills most of a cell |
| cell wall | A stiff outer layer that helps keep the plant cell firm. |
| chloroplast | The green cell part in the plant cells that traps and uses light energy. |
| classify | To arrange in groups using a system. |
| kingdom | The largest group into which an organism is classified. |
| genus | A group of similar species. |
| species | A group of organisms of only one kind that can interbreed in nature. |
| invertebrate | An animal that has no backbone. |
| vertebrate | An animal with a backbone. |
| mammal | An animal that has hair or fur and feeds its young with milk produced by the mother. |
| vascular plant | A plant with long tubes inside that carry food and water to all parts of the plant. |
| egg cell | A cell that can join with a sperm cell to form a new individual. |
| sperm cell | A cell that can join with an egg cell to form a new individual. |
| numerator | The number above the line in a fraction: The number of equal parts in a fractional amount. |
| denominator | The number below the line in a faraction: the number of equal parts in the whole. |
| chromosomes | Structures in the nucleus of a cell that control the cell's activities. |
| fertilization | The joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell. |
| fertilized egg | The cell that results when an egg cell and a sperm cell unite. |
| pollination | The movement of pollen frm a stamen to a pistil. |
| inherited | Passed to offspring from parents. |
| gene | The section of a chromosome that controls a trait. |
| recessive gene | A gene whose expression is hidden by a dominant gene. |
| dominant gene | A gene that can prevent the expression of another gene. |
| hybrid | An individual that has a dominant and a recessive gene for a trait. |
| mutation | A permanent change in the structure of a gene or chromosome. |
| Gregor Mendel | The father of modern Genetics. |
| selective breeding | Breeding plants or animals with certain traits to produce offspring with those traits. |
| bar graph | A graph that uses vertical or horizontal bars to show data. |
| adaptations | Traits that help an organism meet their basic needs and survive in their surroundings. |
| structural adaptation | An adaptation of an organism's body parts or its coloring. |
| mimicry | An adaptaton in which one species resembles another. |
| behavioral adaptation | An inherited behavior that helps an organism survive. |
| fossil | Any remains or trace of an organism that was was alive. |
| mold | A fossil that is a hollow place shaped like an organism. |
| cast | A fossil formed by sediments filling up a mold. |
| petrified fossil | A fossil formed when minerals slowly replace some or all of an organism, turning it to stone. |
| scavenger | An animal that feeds on the bodies of dead animals. |
| decomposer | An organism that helps to break down and decay dead organisms and wastes of living organisms. |
| energy pyramid | A diagram that compares the amount of energy available at each position, or level, in the feeding order. |
| food web | A combination of all the food chains in a community. |
| ecology | The study of the relationship among living and non-living parts of an area. |
| habitat | The place where species live. |
| niche | The role of a species in an ecosystem. |
| population | All the members of one species that live in the same area. |
| community | All the populations living together in one area. |
| photosynthesis | The process by which plants use sunlight to make sugar from water and carbon dioxide. |
| producer | An organism that uses sunlight to make sugar from water and carbon dioxide. |
| consumer | An organism that consumes other organisms for food. |
| carnivore | An organism that eats only other consumers. |
| ecosystem | All the living and non-living parts in an area. |
| herbivore | An organism that eats only plants. |
| omnivore | An organism the eats plants and animals. |
