| A | B |
|---|
| alientation | a sense of not belonging, and a feeling that no one cares what happens to you |
| basic demographic equation | growth rate=births-deaths+net migration |
| city | a place in which a large number of people are permanently based and do not produce their own food |
| community | a place people identify with, where they sense that they belong and that others care what happens to them |
| crude birth rate | the annual number of births per 1,000 population |
| crude death rate | the annual number of deaths per 1,000 population |
| demographic transition | a three-stage historical process of population growth; first, high birth rates and high death rates; second, high birth rates and low death rates; and third, low birth rates and low death rates; a fourth stage may be emerging, population shrinkage |
| demographic variables | the three factors that influence population growth; fertility, mortality, and net migration |
| demography | the study of the size, composition, growth, and distribution of human populations |
| disinvestment | the withdrawal of investments by financial institutions, which seals the fate of an urban area |
| edge city | a large clustering of service facilities and residences near a highway intersection that provides a sense of place to people who live, shop, and work there |
| enterprise zone | the use of economic incentives in a designated area with the intention of encouraging investment there |
| exponential growth curve | a pattern of growth in which numbers double during approximately equal intervals, thus accelerating in the latter stages |
| fertility rate | the number of children that the average woman bears |
| gentrification | the displacement of the poor in a section of a city by the relatively affluent, who renovate the former's homes |
| growth rate | the net change in a population after adding births, subracting deaths, and either adding or subtracting net migration |
| human ecology | Robert Park's term for the relationship between people and their environment (natural resources, such as land); also called urban ecology |
| invasion-succession cycle | the process of one group of people displacing a group whose racial/ethnic or social class characteristics differ from their own |
| machismo | an emphasis on male strength and dominance |
| Malthus theorem | an observation by Thomas Malthus that althought the food supply increases only arithmetically, population grows geometrically |
| megalopolis | an urban area consisting of at least two metropolises and their many suburbs |
| metropolis | a central city surrounded by smaller cities and their suburbs |
| net migration rate | the difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants per 1,000 population |
| population pyramid | a graphic representation of a population, divided into age and sex |
| population shrinkage | the process by which a country's population becomes smaller because its birth rate and immigration are too low to replace those who die and emigrate |
| redlining | the officers of a financial institution deciding not to make loans in a particular area |
| suburbanization | the movement from the city to the suburbs |
| suburbs | the communities adjacent to the political boundaries fo a city |
| urbanization | an increasing proportion of a population living in cities and those cities having an increasing influence on their society |
| urban renewal | the rehabilitation of a rundown area of a city, which usually results in the displacement of the poor who are living in that area |
| zero population growth | a demographic condition in which women bear only enough children to reproduce the population |
