| A | B |
|---|
| Manager | Someone who works with and through other people by coordinating and integrating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals. |
| First-line Managers | Are at the lowest level of management and manage the work of non-managerial employees. |
| Middle Managers | Manage the work of first-line managers. |
| Top Managers | Are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing plans and goals that affect the entire organization. |
| Efficiency | “Doing things right” Getting the most output for the least inputs |
| Effectiveness | “Doing the right things” Attaining organizational goals |
| managment strives for | Low resource waste (high efficiency), high goal attainment (high effectiveness) |
| Planning | Defining goals, establishing strategies to achieve goals, developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities. |
| Organizing | Arranging work to accomplish organizational goals. |
| Leading | Working with and through people to accomplish goals. |
| Controlling | Monitoring, comparing, and correcting the work. |
| planning, organizing, leading, and controlling lead to | acheiving the organization's stated purpose |
| Interpersonal roles | Figurehead, leader, liaison |
| Informational roles | Monitor, disseminator, spokesperson |
| Decisional roles | Disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator |
| Technical skills | Knowledge and proficiency in a specific field. apply to lower-level managers |
| Human skills | The ability to work well with other people. apply to middle managers |
| Conceptual skills | The ability to think and conceptualize about abstract and complex situations concerning the organization. apply to top managers |
| Conceptual Skills | Using information to solve business problems. Identifying of opportunities for innovation. -Recognizing problem areas and implementing solutions. -Selecting critical information from masses of data. -Understanding of business uses of technology. -Understanding of organization’s business model |
| communication skills | Ability to transform ideas into words and actions. -Credibility among colleagues, peers, and subordinates. -Listening and asking questions. -Presentation skills; spoken format. -Presentation skills; written and/or graphic formats |
| Effectiveness Skills | Contributing to corporate mission/departmental objectives. -Customer focus. -Multitasking: working at multiple tasks in parallel. -Negotiating skills. -Project management. -Reviewing operations and implementing improvements. Setting and maintaining performance standards internally and externally. -Setting priorities for attention and activity. -Time management |
| Interpersonal Skills | Coaching and mentoring skills. -Diversity skills: working with diverse people and cultures. -Networking within the organization. -Networking outside the organization. -Working in teams; cooperation and commitment |
