| A | B |
|---|
| Conservatives | wanted to protect monarchies |
| Liberals | wanted to give some power to elected parliaments |
| Radicals | wanted power for everyone |
| Nationalism | idea of loyalty to a group of people with a common culture and history |
| Nation-state | when a group of people who shared a common culture and history had own government |
| The Balkans | includes Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, and Yugoslav territories |
| Louis-Napoleon | nephew of Napoleon I, became Napoleon III |
| Lord Byron | British poet who supported Greek independence and fought for Greece |
| Louis Kossuth | Nationalist leader in Hungary |
| Metternich | Austrian foreign minister forced to resign during period of nationalist uprisings |
| Edict of Emancipation | Original "Emancipation Proclamation" in Russia |
| Alexander II | Reformed life for lower classes in Russia, but assassinated |
| Ethnic group | people who identify with each other based on language, history, territory, culture, or religion--often misidentified as race |
| Alexander III | Tightened control in Russia, but promoted industrialization |
| Crimean War | War of expansion against the Ottoman Empire, France, Great Britain, and Sardinia; Russia lost |
| Ottoman Empire | Islamic sultanate that controlled the middle east, north Africa, and southern Europe |
| Giusseppe Garibaldi | Turned over conquests to King of Piedmont to unify Italy |
| Victor Emmanuel | King of Piedmont |
| Nicholas I | Czar during the Crimean War |
| Alphonse de Lamartine | French poet who briefly led France after revolution of 1848 |
