| A | B |
|---|
| behaviorism | direct observations of actual behavior and not on speculations |
| classical conditioning | where people learn to respond to unfamiliar stimuli the way they would respond to familiar stimuli |
| operant conditionsing | based on rewards and punishment |
| cognitive social learning | learning by observation and imitation mediated by cognitive |
| piaget theory | child activiely seeks info and then incorporates it into his knowledge base |
| socialcultural theory | Vygotsky dev evolves out of childrens interactions with more skilled others |
| info processing theories | flow of info through the childs cog system. input and output |
| psychoanalytic theory | Freud |
| psychosocial theory | Erickson, children develop in stages through accomplishing |
| dynamic systems theory | idiv develop & function within systems of relationships |
| ecological theory | develop and environment |
| ethological theory | development has adaptive or survival |
| sample | a group of individuals who are representative of larger population |
| self report | people give info about themselves |
| direct observation | method of obs in which researchers go into the natural world of observees |
| specimen record | record everything within a specific time |
| event sampling | record behavior of an event |
| time sampling | study of set of predetermined behavior that occur within a specific time |
| structured obsevation | researchers sturcutre situation |
| correlational method | permits investigators to establish relat. among variables as well as the strength of relat |
| experimental group | group that is exposed to treatment |
| control group | group not exposed to experiment |
| random assignment | assign individuals randomly to either an exp or control group |
| independent variable | variable that researchers deliberatly manipulate in a formal exp |
| dependent variable | the factor that researcherd expect to change |
| ecological validity | degree to which study accuratly represents events and processes that occur in world |
| laboratory analogue exp | try to duplcate in the laboratory the events of everyday life |
| natural experiment | researchers measure the results of events that are nat in the real world |
| case study | study individual group of persons |
| ABAB design | experimental treatemnt is administered withdrawn and readministered |
| cross sectional | observe ind of diff age levels at same period of time |
| longitudinal | study same people at various times in their lives |
| age cohort | people born within the same generations |
| sequential method | combines both cross sectional and longitudinal |
| informed consent | agreement to partcipate in a reasearch study based on clear understanding |
