| A | B |
|---|
| Empirical evidence | Evidence gathered by careful observation, experimentation, and measurement |
| psychology | The scientific study of behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment |
| Who was Rosen | He called psychology “psychobabble |
| What is psychobabble? | psaychology without science |
| Non-scientific competitors of psychology are | Palm reading, graphology, fortune-telling, numerology, and astrology |
| Psychology attempts to | Explain people’s problems and predict behavior |
| The difference between psychobabble and scientific psychology is that psychobabble is that | Psychobabble confirms our existing beliefs, psychology challenges them |
| What is critical thinking? | The ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgments |
| True/False Critical thinking includes the ability to be creative and constructive and the ability to come up with various possible explanations for events. | True |
| True False Many people do not use critical thinking until they are in their 20’s. | True |
| What are the 8 essential critical thinking skills? | 1. Ask questions 2. Define your terms 3. Examine the evidence 4. Analyze assumptions 5. Avoid emotional reasoning 6. Don’t oversimplify 7. Consider other interpretations 8. tolerate uncertainty |
| What is phrenology? | It is a nineteen-century pseudoscientific fad, linking bumps on the skull with character traits |
| Who started phrenology? | Gall |
| What did Joseph Gall believe? | Different brain areas accounted for character and personality types such as stinginess and religiosity He thought thieves had big bumps. |
| What is trained introspection | Trained people carefully observed, analyzed, and described their own sensations, mental images, and emotional reactions |
| Who came up with trained introspection? | Wilhelm Wundt |
| What was structuralism | An early psychological approach that emphasized the analysis of immediate experience into basic areas |
| Who came up with structuralism? | E. B. Titchener |
| What is functionalism | An early psychological approach that emphasized the function or purpose of behavior and consciousness |
| What is psychoanalysis? | A theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts |
| Who first came up with psychoanalysis? | Sigmund Freud |
| Psychology has been a science for a little over ___ years. | 100 |
| The forerunners of modern psychology depended heavily on | Casual observation |
| Credit for founding modern psychology is generally given to | Wilhelm Wundt |
| Early psychologists who emphasized how behavior helps an organism adapt to its environment were known as | functionalists |
| The psychological treatment of emotional problems has its origins in Freud’s theory of | psychoanalysis |
| Biological perspective is | A psychological approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions, feelings, and thoughts |
| Learning perspective emphasizes | How the environment and experience affect a person’s or animals actions; |
| Learning perspective includes | Behaviorism and social cognitive learning theories |
| Cognitive perspective is | A psychological approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior |
| Sociocultural perspective is | A psychological approach that emphasizes social and cultural influence on behavior |
| psychoanalytical approach | Believes that a person's behavior is determined primal drives and experiences of early childhood. |
| behaviorism approach | The connection between response behavior and re ward a person's behavior is determined by the actions that were rewarded or punished. |
| humanist approach | The concept that people are in control of the own destiny satisfying both basic and enriching need. Striving for a personal achievement a person's self concept is important. |
| cognitive approach | Mental process of the individual. Person’s difficulties often stem from the false perception of reality. people developed the ideas of the world and base their judgments up on these perceptions |
| biological approach | The genetic and medical neural components of the person. These theories believe that this influence behavior. |
| biological perspective | Focus on how bodily affect behavior feelings and thoughts |
| Explain the role of electrical impulses, hormones chemical substances. | Electrical impulses go along the pathways of the nervous system hormones course through the blood stream telling internal organ to slow down or speed up. Chemical substances flow across the tiny gapes that separate one brain cell from another. |
| Researchers study how biological affects. | Learning, perceptions, experiences of emotion and vulnerability. |
| studies also show | Mind and body interactions. |
| investigation into | Gene and other biological factors in the development of traits and abilities. |
| focus on environment means | Get rid of un wanted habits and acquire better ones. |
| focus of behaviorism is | Acts and events that take place in the environment. |
| the learning perspective empathizes | How the environment and experience affect person's or animals actions. |
| contribution of evolutionary psychology | Researchers study how our species evolve the past may help explain some of our present behaviors. |
| focus on social cognitive learning theorists | How people reason remember and understand language solve problems explain experience and form beliefs. |
| emphasis of imitation cognition means | Behavior that does not involve the mind or mental state to explain behavior. |
| Explain contribution to advanced psychology as a science. | Insistence on precision and objective has done. |
| the cognitive perspective emphasizes | What genes on in people’s heads. |
| cognitive means | To know. |
| important contribution | To show how people's thoughts affect their actions feelings and choices. |
| humanism has influenced | Both inside and outside of the field. |
| goal of humanistic psychology is | To help people express themselves creatively and achieve their full potential. |
| the humanistic perspective | Emphasizes unconscious conflict as too pessimistic a view of human nature and they reject the behavioral approach. |
| goal of the psychodynamic psychologists is | To dig down below the person's behavior to get to its unconscious roots. |
| psychodynamic perspective emphasizes | Deals with unconscious fearers, conflicts. |
| cultural psychologist focus on | Values both explicit and unspoken affects people's development behavior and feeling. Example people wellness to help a stranger in distress or how it influences what people do when they are angry. |
| social psychologist focus on | Groups affect attitudes behavior. |
| identifying | Types of intelligences not measure by IQ. |
| discovering | what goes on in a mind of a infant |
| designing | Computer programs that model how humans perform complex tasks. |
| What is the perspective in psychology for the following:Anxious people often think about the future in distorted ways. | cognitive |
| What is the perspective in psychology for the following:Anxiety is due to forbidden, unconscious desires. | sociocultural |
| What is the perspective in psychology for the following:Anxiety symptons often bring hidden rewards, such as being excused from exams. | behavioral |
| What is the perspective in psychology for the following:Excessive anxiety can be caused by a chemical imbalance. | biological |
| What is the perspective in psychology for the following:A national emphasis on competition and success promotes anxiety about failure. | sociocultural |
| basic spychology is | the study of psychological issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than for its practical application |
| applied psychology | the study of psychological issues that have direct practical significance and the applciation of psychological findings |
| principle of falsifiability | the thory must predict what will and will not happen |
| theory | an organized system of assumptyions and principles |
| hypothesis | a statement that attempts to predict phenomena |
| case study | a detailed description of a particular individual being studied |
