| A | B |
|---|
| element | is a substance that can't be broken down into simplier chemical substances |
| atom | the smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of the element |
| nucleus | the center of the atom |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons |
| compound | a substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined |
| covalent bond | when two atoms share electrons, such as hydrogen sharing with oxygen in water, the force that holds them together |
| molecule | a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds and having no overall charge |
| ion | a charged particle |
| ionic bond | the attractive forces between two ions of opposite charge |
| metabolism | all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism |
| mixture | a combination of substances in which the individual components retain their own properties |
| solution | a mixture in which one or more substances (solutes) are distributed evenly in another substance (solvent) |
| pH | a measure of how acidic or basic a soultion is |
| acid | any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water |
| base | any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) |
| polar molecule | a molecule with an unequal distribution of charge; that is each molecule has a positive end and a negative end. Example - water |
| hydrogen bond | attraction of opposite charges between hydrogen and oxygen forms a weak bond |
| diffusion | the net movement of particles from an area of higher consentration to an area of lower concentration |
| dynamic equilibrium | result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particals but no overall change in concentration |
| isomers | compounds with the same simple formula but different three-dimensional structures resulting in different physical and chemical properties |
| polymer | large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together |
| carbohydrate | organic compound used by cells to store and release energy |
| monomer | a simple organic molecule |
| polymer | a large molecule made of many monomers |
| condensation | reaction that builds polymers from monomers by removing H2O (water) |
| hydrolosis | breakdown polymers to monomers by adding H2O (water) |
| What are carbohydrates made up of? | hydrogen, carbon and oxygen |
| Carbohydrates have what ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms? | 2 to 1 |
| How do you know if it is an amino acid or ptrein? | protein has Nitrogen |
| What are lipids? | (C, H, O) fats and oils - mostly energy use also for insulation & protection |
| What is a peptide bond? | covalent bond between two amino acids |
| What are enzymes? | a protien that changes the rate of a chemical reaction |
| What is a substrate? | specific substance an enzyme is unchanged |
| What are protiens made up of? | C, H, O, N |
| What are carbohydrates made up of? | C, H, O |
| What are lipds made up of? | C, H, O |
| What is the difference in the make up of a carbohydrate and a lipid? | Carbohydrates have a 2 to 1 Hydrogen to oxygen ratio whereas lipids do not |
| C6 H12 O6 - carbohydrate or lipid? | carbohydrate (2:1 ratio) |
| C56 H150 O10 - carbohydrate or lipid? | lipid |
| What are amino acids? | the basic building blocks of protiens |
