| A | B |
|---|
| Elements | 92 kinds of matter |
| Atom | smallest unit of matter |
| Proton | positive charge in nucleus of atom |
| Electron | negative charge in shells |
| Neutron | no charge in nucleus of atom |
| Atomic Number | number of protons in element |
| Atomic Weight | number of protons + neutrons in element |
| Isotopes | same element, different # of neutrons |
| Radioisotopes | radioactive forms of an element |
| Molecules | atoms bound together |
| Compounds | molecules with >one element |
| Ions | atoms which gained or lost electrons |
| Ionic Bond | loss & gain of e-, opposites attract |
| Covalent Bond | shared e- |
| Single Covalent Bond | 1 shared pair of e- |
| Double Covalent Bond | 2 shared pairs of e- |
| Triple Covalent Bond | 3 shared pairs of e- |
| Hydrogen Bond | H+ attracted to - charge |
| Hydrophilic | interacts with water |
| Hydrophobic | avoids water |
| Cohesive | sticks together |
| Polar | has + and - charged regions |
| Acid | pH < 7, high H+ |
| Base | pH > 7, low H+ |
| Neutral | pH = 7, pure water |
| Buffer | makes things neutral pH |
| Monomer | single unit of large molecule |
| Polymer | large molecule made of monomers |
| Carbohydrate | made of sugar monomers |
| Condensation Synthesis | monomers join, water removed |
| Hydrolysis | monomers split, water added |
| Starch | glucose polymer in plants |
| Glycogen | glucose polymer in animals |
| Cellulose | glucose polymer for plant support |
| Lipids | made of fatty acids |
| Saturated Fatty Acid | no double bonds |
| Unsaturated Fatty Acid | at least one double bond |
| Phospholipids | polar, in cell membrane |
| Steroids | cholesterol & some hormones |
| Proteins | made of amino acids |
| Amino Acid | monomer of protein |
| Peptide Bond | link in proteins between amino acids |
| Denaturation | protein changes shape |
| Enzyme | protein speeds chem rxns |
| Nucleic Acids | information storage & transfer |
| DNA | contains genes |
| RNA | takes info from DNA to make proteins |
| ATP | energy transfer in cells |
| Golgi Apparatus | flattened stack of membranes, stores and secretes proteins |
| Golgi Vessicle | buds from the golgi apparatus |
| pinocytotic vessicle | formed by endocytosis |
| lysosome | contains digestive enzymes (stomach of the cell) |
| peroxisome | contains peroxide |
| mitochondrion | site of aerobic respiration |
| cristae | membranes of the mitochondria |
| Chloroplast | site of photosynthesis |
| Grana | stacks of thylakoid membranes |
| stroma | liquid part of chloroplasts where dark reactions occur in photosynthesis |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Function in making lipids, processsing proteins |
| smooth ER | have no ribosomes |
| rough ER | has ribosomes attached on outside |
| ribosome | organelle of protein synthesis |
| nucleolus | where ribosomes are synthesized |
| nucleus | contains chromatin (DNA) |
| cell membrane (plasma membrane) | Living membrane surrounds cell, made of phospholipids |
| cell wall | found in plants only, made of cellulose |
| vacuole | membrane bound fluid filled sac |
| amyloplast | filled with starch (amylopectin) |
| centrioles | no membrane function in reproduction in animals cells only |
| centrosome | microtubule organizing center |
| microtublues | protein filaments made of tubulin |
| microfilaments | thin solid fibers |
| cytoplasm | all the contents of the cell in the plasma membrane except the nucleus |
| plastid | storage organelle |
| cytoskeleton | skeleton of the cell made of microtubules and microfilaments |
| cilia | hair like projections from the plasma membrane |
| flagella | tail like projection from the plasma membrane |
| prokaryotes | cels, or bacteria without an nucleus or membrane organelles |
| eukaryotes | cells with a nucleus and membrane bound organelle |
