| A | B |
|---|
| Oral traditions | oral story passed down through generations (nothing is written down - all oral). |
| Geography of Africa | two regions 1) north Africa |
| North Africa | located along the Mediterranean sea. |
| Sub Saharan Africa | the parts of Africa below the Sahara desert. |
| Sahara Desert | largest desert in the world. |
| Plateau | an area high and flat. |
| Sahel | a large plateau made up of savanna. |
| Savanna | grasslands that supports humans & wildlife. Devoid of trees & makes up 40% of land area.. |
| Great Rift Valley | mountainous area running from Red Sea to South Africa (3,000 miles). |
| Mount Kilimanjaro | - highest mountain in Africa. |
| Nile River | longest river in the world, supports tremendous amount of people. Nile river empties into the Mediterranean sea. Its source is lake Victoria. |
| Niger River | located in western Africa. It empties into the Atlantic ocean.. |
| Congo (Zaire) River | located south of the Niger River. |
| Zambezi | located in southern Africa. It empties into the Indian ocean.. |
| Tropical Rain Forest | located in central Africa along the equator . |
| Kalahari Desert | located in southern Africa. |
| Kush | this African civilization became wealthy – it ruled Egypt for 500 years – traded ivory. |
| Nubia | 3,000 bc Nile river valley - now Sudan - Nubia had contacted with the Egyptians. |
| Sudan | - modern African country where Kush and Nubia were located. |
| Napata | capital of Kush and major trading center. |
| Meroe | second capital of Kush - led Africa into iron production. |
| King Piankhi | king of Kush who defeated the Egyptians. |
| Axum | defeated the Kush. |
| Adulis | capital city of Axum- became major trading center- port on the Red Sea- 330 AD people converted to Christianity. |
| King Ezana | king of Axum that converted his people to christianity. |
| Christianity | official religion of Axum. |
| Muslims | followed the teachings of Islam - Islam originated in the middle east. |
| Ethiopia | modern country where the people of Axum settled. |
| The Nok | culture that developed in west Africa. |
| Bantu migrations | (tribe) how the west African culture spread to other parts of Africa. |
| Matrilineal society | search for ancestors along mother’s family - the mother was the. center of the family. |
| Religion - supreme god | he created the universe. |
| Lesser deities | explained reasons why things happened (weather). |
| Sculpture | important art form - figures, masks (wood, bronze ivory and clay). |
| Music | based on rhythm and used for entertainment and work. |
| Islam | religion founded by Mohammed in Africa in 7th century ad this religion spread through trade |
| Ghana | earliest kingdom of west Africa- 2 major products: salt & gold. |
| Morocco | kingdom in north Africa across from spain - traded with Ghana. |
| Almoravids | Muslim group from north Africa - they attacked ghana which brought its downfall. |
| Salt and gold | 2 important products of Africa- North Africa - salt; sub-Sahara – gold. |
| Mali | kingdom that took over territory of Ghana along the Niger River- became a big agricultural country. |
| Sundiata keita | King of Mali- he had his army burn down the grasses to plant crops. |
| Mansa musa | greatest king of Mali- protected trade routes between Mali & north Africa- introduced Islam into his country. |
| Timbuktu | city which became capital of Mali- became center of Muslim culture in western Africa. |
| Mosque | place of Muslim worship. |
| Berbers | Muslim group from North Africa- they attacked & defeated Timbuktu which brought the end to Mali. |
| Songhai | (1490 -1600 ad) - rebelled against Mali- controlled Niger River basin until 1600 ad . |
| Sunni Ali | - he conquered territory that became the empire of songhai and set up an empire. |
| Askia Mohammed | he rule songhai during its golden age - he was a Muslim, and he introduced muslin law. |
| Theocracy | religious laws are same as government laws. |
| Kilwa - Malindi - Mombasa - Sofala | - trading cities . |
| Zanzibar | a small island off the east coast of Africa- became center of trade between Africa & eastern merchants. |
| Swahili | language based on Bantu. |
| Karanga | empire located in the southeast part of Africa- (south of the Zambezi River)- built stone forts (300 of them in 500 years). |
| Great Zimbabwe | cultural and political city of Karanga. |
| Monomotapa (north) – Changmire (south) | two empires formed by the break up of Karanga - most powerful – Changmire. |
