| A | B |
|---|
| hunter-gatherer | person who gathers wild food and hunts animals to survive |
| domesticate | to adapt wild plants and animals for human use |
| fertile | able to grow a lot of plants; productive |
| surplus | more than is needed |
| civilization | a society with cities, a government, and social classes |
| migrate | to move from one place to another |
| ethnic group | a group that shares a language, a religion, family ties, and customs |
| Quran | the holy book of the religion of islam |
| pilgrimage | a religious journey; for Muslims, the journey to Mecca |
| Swahili | an African language that includes some Arabic words |
| city-state | a city that controls much of the land around it and has its own government |
| colonize | to settle an area and take over or create a government |
| nationalism | a feeling of pride in one's homeland |
| Pan-Africanism | a movement that stressed unity among all Africans |
| boycott | a refusal to buy or use certain products or services |
| democracy | a government in which citizens have power through their elected representatives |
| commercial farming | the large-scale production of crops for sale, aften coffee, cocoa, or bananas |
| hybrid | a plant that is a combination of two or more types of the same plant |
| literacy | the ability to read and write |
| life expectancy | how long an average person will live |
