| A | B |
|---|
| 1453CE | Fall of Byzantine Empire |
| Urban II | Called for Crusades |
| Alexious I | Byzantine Emperor; Requested help from Pope |
| 1215CE | Magna Carta Signed |
| 732CE | Battle of Tours; stopped Muslim advance into France |
| Islam | Monotheistic religion founded in Arabia; started by Mohammed |
| Pope | Bishop of Rome |
| Feudal System | Social and Economic System used during the Middle Ages |
| 800CE | Charlemange crowned Holy Roman Emperor |
| Pepin the Short | Father of Charlemange |
| Holy Roman Empire | Empire under Charlemange |
| Clovis | 1st barbarian king to be baptized Christian |
| 1066CE | William the Conqueror invades England |
| Charles Martel | Defeats Muslims at Tours |
| Vandals | Settled in North Africa |
| Franks | Settled in France, Belgium, Holland, and Western Germany |
| Visigoths | Settled in Spain and Southern France |
| Ostrogoths | Settled in Italy and South East Europe |
| Manorialism | Small self-sufficient home/farm system |
| Act of Homage | Solemn pledge of personal loyalty to lord |
| Investiture | Ceremony where lord invested vassal to govern land |
| Serfs | Peasants tied to land for survival |
| Chivalry | Code of honor and loyalty |
| Bourgeoise | Middle class |
| Guilds | Business organizations that supervised economic activities of a town |
| Seven Liberal Arts | Latin, rhetoric, logic, aritmetic, music, geometry, medicine |
| Roger Bacon | Inductive Method (experimentation) |
| Scholasticism | Reconcile reason and faith |
| Peter Abelard | Theory of Conceptualism |
| Thomas Aquinas | Wrote "Summa Theologica," a work based on Aristotilian logic |
| Romanesque | Architectural style based on old Roman designs |
| Gothic | Architectural style used by late middle ages buildings (churches) |
| Vernacular | Native language spoken by local peoples |
| Dante Aligheri | Wrote "The Divine Comedy" |
| Miguel Cervantes | Wrote "Don Quixote" (1st Spanish Novel) |
| Geoffrey Chaucer | Wrote "Canterbury Tales" |
| Crusades | Drive Muslims out of the Holy Land |
| 1096-1099CE | First and only successful Crusade; captured Jerusalem & Holy Land |
| 1189-1192CE | Third Crusade led by European Kings; recapture Holy Land |
| 1202-1204CE | Childrens Crusade |
| 570-632CE | Life of Mohammed |
| 610CE | Mohammed informed by angel Gabriel that he was Allah's messenger |
| 622CE | Hegira to Medina; year 1 in Islamic calendar |
| Islam means | Submission to God |
| Moslem means | One who has made his submission |
| Koran | Muslim holy book |
| Venice, Milan, Genoa, & Florence | Crusader staging bases that become rich and begin the Renaissance |
| Castle | Defensive and economic center of towns |
| 1347-1351CE | Black Plague |
| 1378-1417CE | Great Schism in Catholic Church |
| 1337-1453CE | 100 Years War (not really 100) |
| 3 Field System | Agricultural System to prevent soil depleation |
| Battlements | Defensive structures; towers |
| Keep | Residence of lord |
| Moat | Water filled perimeter around castle |
| Draw Bridge | Retractable entrance |
| Patriarch | Head of Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Profession of Faith | First Pillar of Islam; Belief in God (Allah) and Mohammed as his prophet |
| Pray five times a day | Second Pillar of Islam; Face Mecca |
| Alms to the Poor | Third Pillar of Faith; Give charity; money, food, etc. |
| Observe Ramadan | Fourth Pillar of Faith; 9th month in Muslim calendar; Holy Month |
| Hajj | Fifth Pillar of Faith; Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in lifetime |
| Gabriel | Archangel; Gave Mohammed the Koran |
| Mohammed | Founder of Islam; prophet of Allah |
| Seljuk Turks | Group that was attacking Byzantine Empire; reason for Crusades |
| Ottoman Turks | Conquered Byzantine Empire in 1453CE |
| Justinian | Strongest Byzantine Emperor; reconquered parts of Western Roman Empire |
| Theodora | Wiffe of Justinian; helped save empire |
| Hagia Sophia | Christian church built by Justinian; became mosque after Muslim takeover |
| Monophysite | Sect of Christianity; believed in single nature of Jesus |
| 1054CE | Christian church split |
| Great Schsim | Break into Orthodoxy and Catholic |
| Greek Orthodox | Christian church in the East; spoke Greek and had Asian influences |
| Roman Catholic | Christian church in the West; spoke Latin |
| Justinian's Code | Combined Roman laws with Christianity |
| Constantinople | Capital city of the Byzantine Empire |
| Richard I | English king during 3rd Crusade |
| Philip Augustus | French king during 3rd Crusade |
| Frederick Barbarossa | Holy Roman Emperor during 3rd Crusade |
| Nicholas of Cologne | 18 year old who called for the Childrens Crusade |
| Sunni | Branch of Islam; majority of Muslims |
| Shi'a | Branch of Islam; minority of Muslims |
| Ka'bah | Large building in the middle of the main mosque in Mecca |
| Dome of the Rock | Site in Jerusalem where Muslims believe Mohammed was called into heaven |
| Black Stone | Meteorite thought to be gift from Allah |
| Bedouins | Nomadic peoples living in Arabia |
| Anamism | Polytheistic; belief in spirits and many different dieties |
| Caliph | Religious and political leader |
| Bazzar | Covered market place |
