| A | B |
|---|
| The root system is --- ground | Below |
| Shoot System is -- ground | above |
| Organs in Root & Shoot Systems (4) | Roots, stems, leaves, flowers |
| Structural Tissue Has 3 Tissues: | Epidermal, Cork, Parenchyma |
| Epidermal tissue does: | Protect and cover, has cuticle layer |
| Cuticle | Protective layer to prevent water leakage |
| Cork Tissue does: | is the outer bark, protects and waterproofs (only in woody plants) |
| Parenchyma Tissue does: | make and store food |
| Vascular Tissue is composed of: | Xylem and Phloem |
| Xylem tissue does: | Transport water & dissolved minerals upward |
| Phloem tissue does: | transport food manufactured in leaves downward |
| Meristematic tissue is for -- & is composed of (2) tissues-- | 1 Growth & repair, found in growth regions (2) Vascular cambium and cork cambium |
| Vascular Cambium does: | produce new vascular tissue |
| Cork Cambium does: | produce new cork tissue |
| Four Main Elements of Cell | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen & Nitrogen |
| Four Important Compounds of Cell: | Carbohydrates, lipids (fats & oils), proteins & nucleic acids |
| Cell Parts (6): | Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole |
| Cell membrane does: | Surround cell, separates it from the environment, regulates what enters and leaves |
| Nucleus doeS: | control cell's activities |
| Cytoplasm is: | the fluid medium for organelles |
| Cell Wall is made of (1) and (2) | (1) cellulose -- strength to plant and (2) lignin-- stiffness to woody plant |
| Chloroplasts are: | Chlorophyll factories |
| Chlorophyll is: | Green pignment which helps capture energy of sun to make food |
| Vacuole is: | Storage cells |
| Petiole is: | Leafstalk of leaf |
| Leaf without petiole is: | Sessile leaf |
| Stipule is: | Leaf-like structures that covered leaf when developing |
| Compound | Developing structures |
| Bud-scale scars are: | Markings where bud previously existed |
| Simple Leaves are: | One blade per petiole |
| Compound Leaf is: | more than one blade per petiole |
| Four Leaf Arrangements: | Opposite, Alternate, Whorled, Rosette |
| Opposite Leaf Arrangement is: | 2 leaves from each node, at right angles to leaves above and below them |
| Alternate Leaf Arrangement is: | One leaf from each node |
| Whorled Leaf Arrangement is: | Three or more leaves from each node |
| Rosette Leaf Arrangement is (basal: | Cluster of leaves at base of plant |
| Epidermis (Leaf Structure) Contains (3): | Cuticle, stomata, guard cells |
| Stomata contains: | Epidermis contains stomata, which are leaf pores on lower surface which allow air circulation and transpiration |
| Transpiration | Loss of water vapor |
| Guard Cells are: | Cells that open and close stomata |
| Mesophyll Leaf Structure Contains (2 mesoph): | Palisade mesophyll, Spongy mesophyll |
| Palisade Mesophyll has -- cells | Column-like |
| Spongy Mesophyll contains | Air spaces |
| Venation | Pattern of veins within leaves |
| Parallel veins are found in: | Found in monocots |
| Pinnate veins are: | Branching pattern with midrib ("resembling a feather") |
| Palmate veins are: | two or more major veins extending outward |
| Photosynthesis is: | Process in which chloroplasts capture radiant energy of sunlight and converts it into chemical energy of food |
| Photosynthesis Formula | 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + 54 Photons --- C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2 (oxygen) |
| Cellular respiration | Release of food energy to accomplish work and construct new cells |
| Glucose converted for transportation is: | Sucrose |
| Starch is: | Glucose & sucrose linked together for storage |
| Four Factors of Photosynthesis: | Water, Carbon Dioxide, Heat, Sunlight (* most important *) |
| Abscission Layer is: | a layer formed to "Cut" leaf from stem. A leaf scar remains |
| Other pigments showing up after A. Layer (3): | Xanthophyll, Carotene, Anthocyanin |
| Xanthophyll's color is: | yellowish |
| Carotene's color is: | yellowish-orange |
| Anthocyanin's color is: | red, blue, purple |
| More air circulation, more-- | transpiration |
| Turgor Pressure | Pressure caused by water in plant; keeps stomata open |
| Tendrils are: | Special vine leaves which coil arround structure for support |
| Spines are: | cacti leaves without chlorophyll |
| Storage leaves are (and where are they found?) | for storage, in onions |
