| A | B |
|---|
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| liquid | has an indefinite shape and a definite volume |
| solid | has a definite shape and a definite volume |
| gas | indefinite shape and volume |
| plasma | indefinite shape and volume, and electrically charged particles |
| sublimation | process of going from a solid to a liquid or vice versa |
| condensation | process of going from a gas to a liquid |
| vaporization | the process of going from a liquid to a gas |
| mass | the amount of matter in a substance |
| volume | the amount of space an object occupies |
| weight | the measure of gravitational force on mass |
| melting | process of going from a solid to a liquid |
| freezing | process of going from a liquid to a solid |
| formula for volume | v = l x w x h |
| density | is the mass per unit volume of an object |
| formula for density | density = mass divided by volume |
| gravity | force of attraction between 2 objects |
| surface tension | the characteristic of liquids that allows them to form drops |
| capillarity | characteristic of liquids that allow them to rise in small tubes |
| elasticity | characteristic of a solid that permits the solid to stretch and return to its former shape |
| malleablity | characteristic of a solid that allows the substance to be molded to a new shape |
| chemistry | is the study of chemicals and the interaction of chemicals |
| atom | the smallest part of matter |
| proton | positively charged subatomic particle |
| neutron | subatomic particle with no charge |
| electron | negatively charged subatomic particle |
| 2 general areas of an atom | nucleus & electron cloud |
| nucleus of an atom | contains the neutrons & protons |
| electron cloud | contains the electrons |
| physical properties | properties that can be observed without changing the identity of a substance |
| chemical properties | properties that can be observed because a new substance has formed |
| indicators of a chemical change | light, gas, or heat produced, solid forms, color change |
| physical change | a change that does not produce a new substance |
| chemical change | a change that produces a new substance |
| metals | conduct heat & electricity well |
| metalloids | have characteristics of metals & nonmetals |
| nonmetals | do not conduct heat & electricity well |
| Dmitri Mendeleyev | made an early periodic table, arranged elements according to their mass |
| Modern Periodic Table | used today to show elements according to atomic number |
| valence electrons | electrons in the outermost energy level, furthest from the nucleus |
| makes an atom stable | 8 valence electrons |
| electrons in the first energy level | up to two |
| electrons in the second energy level | up to eight |
| periods on the periodic table | rows - going across - 7 |
| groups or families on the periodic table | columns - going up & down - 18 |
