| A | B |
|---|
| atoms | the basic units of all matter |
| x-ray diffraction | uses a machine that beams x-rays through crystals, diffracting the image of the atoms onto film |
| compound | forms when different kinds of atoms combine. |
| The Law of atomic theory | Jong Dalton stated when forming a compound a fixed number of atoms of one substance always combines with a fixed number of atoms of the other substance |
| quartz | two oxygen molecules and one silicon molecule |
| water | two hydrogen molecules and one oxygen molecule |
| carbon dioxide | one carbon molecule and two oxygen molecules |
| chemical reaction | produces one or more substances that are different from the original substances |
| atom + atom= compound | A chemical reaction of two different atoms combining to form a compound |
| compound= atom + atom | A reaction that breaks down a compound into different atoms |
| Compound + atom= atom + compound | one kind of atom replaces another kind of atom in a compound |
| compound + compound = new compound + new compound | atoms switch places and new compounds form |
| electron | a negatively charged particle inside an atom |
| Democritus | Believed everything was made of atoms, and they couldn't be broken down any further |
| John Dalton | Believed everything was made of atoms shaped like round balls, and different substances were made of different atoms |
| J.J. thomson | passed electricity through a tube, discovered electrons, and believed atoms were solid |
| Earnest Rutherford | beamed particles at gold foil, believed each atom had a nucleus with protons inside it, and found atoms were mostly made of empty space |
| nucleus | the central part of the aton |
| proton | positively charged paticle in the nucleus of an atom |
| Neils Bohr | believed electrons orbitted around the nucleus, and they could jump from one layer to another. |
| James Chadwick | proved that neutrons were inside the atoms nucleus |
| particle accelerators | machines that shoot electrons around and around in circles at high speeds so they could collide and break apart |
| quarks | particles inside atoms that are smaller than protons and neutrons |
| neutron | a particle with no charge |
| periodic table | an orderly arrangement of the different elements |
| Mendeleev | Russian scientist who created the periodic table |
| element | any substance made of only one kind of atom |
| Albert Einstein | discovered Einsteinium |
| Marie Curie | discovered Curium |
| California | where Californium was discovered |
| atomic number | tells how many protons the atom had. |
| metals and non metals | how the periodic table is divided |
| alchemists | people who did experiments with elements to try and change one element into another |
