| A | B |
|---|
| crime | conduct in Violation of the criminal laws of a state, country, or local gov. |
| individual rights | the rights guaranteed to all members of American society by the U.S. constitution |
| Bill of Rights | The first 10 amendments to the constitution |
| US Patriot Act of 2001 | A federal law inacted in response to terorist acts on World Trade Center and Pentagon Sept. 11, 2001 |
| individual rights advocate | one who seeks to protect personal freedom within the process of criminal justice |
| public-order advocate | one who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedents over individual rights |
| justice | the principle of fairness; the ideal of moral equity |
| criminal law | the law of criminal procedure and the array of procedures and activities having to do with the enforcement of this body of law |
| civil justice | the law of civil procedure, having to do with private rights and remedies sought by civil action |
| social justice | an idea that embraces all aspects of civilized life and is linked to fundamental notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong |
| criminal justice system | Everything that has to do with criminal justice: law enforcement, courts and corrections |
| consensus model | perspective that assumes that the systems of components work together harmoniously to achieve justice |
| conflict model | a pespective that assumes that the system's components function primarily to serve their own interest |
| warrant | a writ issued by a judicial officer directing a law enforcement officer to perform a specified act and affording the officer protection from damages if he or she performs it |
| booking | a process officially recording the person, the place, the time, the reason for the arrest and the arresting authority |
| bail | the money or property pledged to the court or actually deposited with the court to effect the release of a person from legal custody |
| preliminary hearing | a proceeding before a judicial officer in which three matters must be decided: was a crime commited, did it occur within the court's jurisdiction, and whether there are reasonable evidence |
| probable cause | facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent person that someone has committed a crime |
| indictment | written accusation submitted to the court by a grand jury, alleging that a specific person has commited a specific offense, usually a felony |
| grand jury | a group of jurors who have been selected according to law and have been sworn to hear the evidence and to decide if there is enough evidence to bring to trial |
| araignment | the hearing before a court having jurisdiction in a criminal casein which the identity of the defendent is established, the defendent is informed of the charge and of his or her rights, and the defendent is required to enter a plea |
| trial | the examination in court of the issues of fact and relevent law for the purpose of convicting or acquitting |
| consectutive sentence | two or more sentence imposed at the same time, must be served in sequence |
| concurrent sentence | serving multiple sentences at the same time |
| due process | guaranteed in several amendments...guarantees individual rights incuding a fair trial for those accused of a crime |
| crime-control model | criminal justice perspective that emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders |
| due process model | emphasizes individual rights at all stages of justice system processing |
| social control | abc |
| criminology | xyz |
