| A | B |
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| Define "Ion" | A charged particle - formed when an atom gives away or accepts valence electrons. |
| Define "anion" | A negavitely charged particle formed when an atom accepts electrons. Non-metals. |
| Define "cation" | A positive charged particle formed when an atom gives away electrons. Metals |
| Octet rule | Atoms give away or accept electrons to form an octet. |
| Define a "Chemical bond". | The force of attraction that holds two or more atoms together. |
| What can a chemical bond tell you? | 1) Type of molecule and its properties. 2) indicator of state of matter. 3)# of bonds indicate how strong the bond is. 4) Type of bond can tell the molecular shape. |
| In the "Lewis Dot Structure" what does each dot represent? | One valence electron. |
| Define "Ionic Bonds", or, what happens to form an ionic bond? | Valence electrons have been transfered from one atom to another. |
| Define "Electronegativity" | The attraction that one atom has for the electrons that are between it and another atom. Book: the ability of an atom to attract the shared electrons. |
| Ionic compounds tend to form between _____? | elements with high electronevativity paired with those with low electronegativity. |
| Ionic compound properties | 1) tend to form solids 2) composed of cations & anions in an orderly pattern of crystal lattices 3) often called salts. |
| Ionic compounds are formed by the chemical reaction of mixing _______? | and acid with a base. |
| The smallest repeating unit of an ionic compound is a _________? | formula unit. |
| Ionic compounds or "salts" conduct electricity when the ions _______? | dissociate. |
| Subscripts are used in writing chemical formulas for binary compounds to denote _______? | more than one atom of the element or compound. |
| Define "Polyatomic ions" | Groups of 2 or more atoms that are charged & react as a group and occur naturally in a group. |
| Chemical formulas must be electrically _____? | neutral. |
| Chemical formulas tell you the number of ____ of each type. That is the _____ that they occur in in that compound. | atoms, ratio. |
| In writing a chemical formula name, name the _____ first then the _____ with an ending of _____? | cation, anion, "ide". |
| When writing chemical formulas with polyatomic - if there is more than one polyatomic, use ______? | parenthesis around the polyatomic with the number of molecules outside it subscripted. |
| Define a "covalent bond" | Formed by two or more atoms sharing electrons to complete an octet, (or the rule of 2). |
| Single covalent bonds are ____ atoms sharing ____ electrons. | two atoms, two electrons |
| Diatomic elements occur naturally and are formed when _____? | 2 of the same atoms have joined. H, O, N, Cl, F, Br, I. |
| Double covalent bonds are ____ atoms sharing ____ electrons. | two atoms, four electrons |
| Triple covalent bonds are ____ atoms sharing ____ electrons. | two atoms, six electrons |
| In a polar covalent bond, what is happening? | The atom with the highest electronegativity hogs the shared electrons. |
| In identifying bonds, if the electronegativity is less than .5, consider the bond ______? | non-polar covalent. |
| In identifying bonds, if the electronegativity is between .5 and 1.8, consider the bond ______? | polar covalent. |
| In identifying bonds, if the electronegativity is greater than 1.8, consider the bond ______? | ionic. |
| Define a "coordinate-covalent bond". | A bond in which one atom donates both (a pair of) electrons to form a bond with an atom of another element. |
| The elements that form covalent bonds tend to be the ______? | non-metals. |
| Considering covalent and ionic compounds, which would form discrete molecules? | covalent compounds. |
| Considering covalent and ionic compounds, which would form extensive crystal lattices? | ionic compounds. |
| Considering covalent and ionic compounds, which would be a non-electrolyte? | covalent compounds. |
| Considering covalent and ionic compounds, which would conduct electricity when (if) the ions dissociate? | ionic compounds. |
| Considering covalent and ionic compounds, which would form between non-metals? | covalent compounds. |
| Considering covalent and ionic compounds, which are formed between cations and anions, a metal plus a non-metal or a polyatomic? | ionic compounds. |
| Considering covalent and ionic compounds, which forms bonds by sharing electrons? | covalent compounds. |
| Considering covalent and ionic compounds, which forms bonds by transfering electrons? | ionic compounds. |
| Considering covalent and ionic compounds, which forms gasses, liquids, and solids? | covalent compounds. |
| Considering covalent and ionic compounds, which would form only solids? | ionic compounds. |
| Considering covalent and ionic compounds, which would have a lower melting and boiling point? | covalent compounds. |
| Considering covalent and ionic compounds, which would have a higher melting and boiling point? | ionic compounds. |
| Compounds containing both ionic and covalent bonds would be formed between _____ and _____? | metals and polyatomics. |
| What is the term used when you can represent an ion or molecule with more than one Lewis structure? | Resonance |
| What are the five 3-D shapes (molecular geometry) that a molecule can be, based on electron pairs? | Linear, trigonal planar, pyramidal, tetrahedral, bent. |
| Are intermolecular forces between or within molecules? | between |
| Are intramolecular forces between or within molecules? | within |
| Define "solubility". | How one substance disolves in another and in what amount. |
| What is a "solvent". | The substance doing the disolving. |
| What is a "solute". | The substance being disolved. |
| Would the solvent or solute be the greater amount in solubility stuff. | solvent |
| What is "Hydrogen bonding"? | The attraction of a partially positive hydrogen atom in one molecule to a partially negative atom in another molecule. |
| Put these bonds in order of highest melting and boiling points to lowest melting and boiling points: polar covalent, ionic, non-polar covalent. | highest is ionic, medium is polar covalent, lowest is non-polar covalent. |
| How do you determine whether a molecule or compound is polar or nonpolar? | unbonded pairs of electrons cause them to be polar. |
| What is the prefix for 4 atoms of something? | tetra, such as tetrachloride |
| What is the prefix for 5 atoms of something? | penta |
| What is the prefix for 6 atoms of something? | hexa |
| What is the prefix for 7 atoms of something? | hepta |
| What is the prefix for 8 atoms of something? | octa |
| What is the prefix for 1 atom of something? | mono |
| What is the prefix for 2 atoms of something? | di |
| What is the prefix for 3 atoms of something? | tri |
| The _______ of a bond is related to the difference in the electronegativities of the atoms in the bond. | polarity |
| In a covalent bond between identical atoms, the electrons are shared equally, and the bond is a __________ bond. | non-polar covalent |
