| A | B |
|---|
| Athens | democratic city-state; had a great navy |
| Sparta | Military city-state governed as a diarchy |
| Argos | powerful polis, known for drama and fine arts |
| Thebes | city-state governed as a federal monarchy |
| Corinth | city-state governed as a oligarchy |
| Polis | city-state |
| Acropolis | fortified hill in center of polis and location of local god or goddess |
| Agora | open land at foot of acropolis and location of marketplace |
| CIty-State | self governing unit; polis plus acropolis |
| Citizen | men born in Greece; voting rights, male aristocrats |
| Athens | city-state with the strongest navy |
| Sparta | city-states with the strongest army |
| Peloponnesus | southern region of Greece, location of Sparta |
| Aristocrats | rich nobles who ran government |
| Ephors | five managers of Spartan Assembly |
| Elders | group of men over 60 years old; served as advisors and high court; chosen for life; suggested laws |
| Helots | slaves owned by city-states; worked land; one half of crops to land owners |
| Perioeci | merchants and artisans; lived and worked in villages |
| Oligarchy | government ruled by a few people; fights over land with artisans and farmers |
| Draco | Athenian noble tried to change government; harsh punishments |
| Solon | Athenian leader who prepared first constitution: erased all debts to free slaves; gave citizenship to artisans; ordered fathers teach songs trade; alienated rich; people participated in government |
| Constitution | set of principles and rules for governing; limited amount of land one could own; gave landowners vote in Assembly |
| Assembly | governing body of male citizens over age of 20 |
| Peisistratus | took over Athenian government 560; supported by lower classes; divided large estates; gave land to farmers who owned none; citizens not only landowners |
| Democratic Constitution | set of rules favoring the equality of all people; gave Athenians freedom of speech |
| Cleisthenes | Athenian noble who overthrew Spartans 508 B.C.; set up democratic constitution |
| Magistrates | ten generals who ran the Athenian Assembly judges |
| Council of Five Hundred | handled daily business in Athens |
| Persians | empire across Aegean in Asian Minor; rules largest and most powerful empire |
| Ionia | Greek city-states in Asia Minor and on Aegean Islands; conquered by Persia in 545 B.C. |
| Persians Wars | started because Athens helped Ionian revolt |
| Darius | Persian king; angry at Athens for helping Ionia; attacked mainland Greece in 490 B.C. |
| Battle of Marathon | Persian fleet defeated by Greeks in 490 B.C. |
| Triremes | Athenian warships; three levels of rowers on each side |
| Xerxes | son of Darius attacked 480 B.C.; conquered northern Greece, twenty city-states band led by A&S |
| Thermoplae | narrow pass of water north of Athens; held Persians 3 days; traitor helped Persians; Greek gaurs killed; Athens set on fire by Persians, no one there |
| Battle of Salamis | Persians tricked to enter narrow strait between Athens and Salamis, ships too large to pass, went one by one, Athenian triremes lighter, faster,Greek Victory |
| Battle of Plataea | soldiers left by Xerxes, defeated by Greeks in 479 BC, end of Persian Wars |
| Delian League | defensive league, gaurded against Persians still ruling Ionia, headquarters on Island of Delos, Sparta not involved, became Athenian Empire |
| Defensive League | protective group |
| Pericles | Athenian leader and general, first citizen, dreamed of making Athens the most beautiful and perfect, leader for 30 years, art philosophy and literature |
| Parthenon | Temple of Athena on Acropolis |
| Piraeus | Athenian port, five mile wall connecting city to port |
| Peloponnesian War | resentment of Athenian power, city-state led by Sparta, war declare on Athens, lasted 30 years, Athens surrendeered to Sparta 404 B.C., Athens never again as powerful |
| Mercenaries | hired soldiers, many Athenian men joined Persian army |
| diarchy | government led by 2 kings |
| monarchy | government led by 1 king |
| democratic republic | government where only elected officials make decisions |
| federal monarchy | government run by the aristocracy with a king who served for one year |
| tropaion | victory trophy |
| paean | short song celebrating a city-state |
| panopoly | military gear |
| phalanx | military formation of soldiers who move in unison like a wall |
| hoplite | a foot soldier part of the phalanx |
