| A | B |
|---|
| absorption | movement of nutrients into blood stream |
| adequate intakes | dietary reference intake used when dietary allowance for nutrient can't be scientifically established |
| anemia | blood disorder characterized by lack of energy, weakness, shortness of breath, and cold hands and feet; caused by lack of iron |
| basal metabolism | minimum amount of energy needed to maintain basic body processes |
| calorie | amount of energy needed to raise temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree celsius |
| chyme | thick liquid resulting as stomach breaks down food mechanically through peristalsis |
| dietary reference intakes | standards for assessing nutrients needs among people of different age and gender groups |
| digestion | mechanical and chemical process that breaks down food to release nutrients in forms the body can absorb |
| enzyme | special proteins that help chemical reactions take place |
| esophagus | tube that connects mouth and stomach |
| glucose | blood sugar formed when carbohydrates are fully broken down chemically |
| glycogen | storage form of glucose |
| malnutrition | deficiency or severe shortage of nutrient, caused by faulty or inadequate nutrition |
| metabolism | process through which living cells use nutrients in chemical reactions in order to provide energy for vital processes and activities |
| oxidation | chemical reactions that combine elements with oxygen |
| pancreas | gland connected to small intestine; produces pancreatic juice that breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats |
| peristalsis | muscle action of esophagus that forces food into stomach |
| recommended dietary allowances | amount of a nutrient needed by 98 percent of the people in given age and gender groups |
| villi | billions of tiny fingerlike projections that line folds of small intestine |
