| A | B |
|---|
| Middle Ages | The period of time between 500 and 1350. |
| Crusades | From about 1100 to 1300, the Roman Catholic Church fought a series of religious wars to gain control of the Holy Land from Turkish Muslims. |
| Renaissance | Period of time between 1350 and 1600 where learning and discoveries was abundant. |
| Johannes Gutenberg | Invented the printing press which made it possible to mass produce books. |
| Mansa Musa | Ruler of Mali, a kingdom in West Africa. |
| Queen Isabella | Royalty of Portugal who financed Christopher Columbus' voyages. |
| Feudalism | A system of rule by lords who owe loyalty to a king. |
| Manor | Land including the lord's castle, peasants' huts and surrounding villages or fields. |
| Serf | Peasants which are bound to the land for life. |
| Magnetic Compass | An instrument that has a needle that always points North, helped ship captains sail a straight course. |
| Astrolabe | Device that made it possible for sailors to measure the positions of stars and figure out latitude at sea. |
| Caravel | A type of ship with triangular sails and a steering rudder which allowed it to sail against the wind. |
| Colony | A group of people who settle in a distant land and are ruled by the government of their native land. |
