| A | B |
|---|
| freedmen | former slaves, both men & women, who lived in the South during Reconstruction |
| Reconstruction | the task of bringing Confed. states back into the Union after the Civil War; the period when it was done |
| black codes | laws passed by white Southern politicians after the Civil War that limited the rights & opportunities of Af. Ams. |
| impeach | to accuse a public official of wrongdoing & bring him to trial |
| scalawags | white Southerners who joined the Rep. Party during Reconstruction |
| carpetbaggers | northerners, incl. teachers, ministers, businesspeople, & former Union soldiers, who moved to the South after the Civil War to gain political or economic advantage |
| corruption | when public office is used for illegal purposes |
| tenant farmers | people who pay rent for the use of land on which they grow crops |
| sharecropping | a system where tenant farmers pay a part of their crop as rent, rather than using cash |
| poll tax | a fee enacted by state gov'ts in the South that charged citizens for the right to vote & successfully prevented black Southerners from voting |
| grandfather clause | statements in Southern voting laws, used to deny blacks the right to vote but allowing whites to vote who had voted before 1867 or who had fathers or grandfathers who had the right to vote then |
| segregation | forced separation of the races in public places & housing |
| Jim Crow laws | segration laws passed in the South after Reconstruction |
| Andrew Johnson | Lincoln's VP who became pres. after AL was killed; later impeached |
| John Wilkes Booth | Southern sympathizer who murdered AL |
| 13th Amendment | abolished slavery in the US & its territories |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Fed. agency established to provide food, medicine & education to Southern blacks & whites at the end of & after the Civil War; also tried to provide land to blacks |
| Radical Republicans | group of Republicans who controlled Cong. in the 1860s & 1870s; wanted freedmen to have equal rights & wanted strict requirements for readmission placed on former Confed. states |
| Civil Rights Act | law declaring freedmen were full citizens with equal rights as whites |
| 14th Amendment | gave full citizenship rights to former slaves |
| Reconstruction Act | plan passed by Cong. to readmit former Confed states; placed all except TN under martial law; all had to rewrite state constitutions to allow all males the right to vote, elect new state gov'ts, ratify 14th Amend; placed restrictions on voting rights of men who had served in CSA military or gov't. |
| Tenure of Office Act | unconstitutional law barring pres. from firing certain fed. officials w/out consent of Senate |
| Ulysses S. Grant | former Union Civil War hero elected pres. in 1868 |
| 15th Amendment | gave Af. Ams. the right to vote |
| Ku Klux Klan | white terror group who worked to deny Constitutional rights of blacks & Republicans to ensure white rule of the South |
| Samuel J. Tilden | Dem. candidate for pres. in Elec. of 1876; won pop. vote but lost presidency under terms of Comp of 1877 |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | Rep candidate for pres. in Elec of 1876; selected pres. under terms of Comp of 1877 |
| Compromise of 1877 | agreement between Dems and Reps to resolve disputed Elec of 1876; Dems agreed to accept Hayes as pres in return for Hayes & Reps agreeing to allow South to control its own affairs, remove fed troops from South, & end Reconstruction |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | landmark Supreme Court case in which the Court declared that segregation of facilities could be legal through the concept of "separate but equal" |
| Booker T. Washington | founder of the Tuskeegee Institute; promoted economic advancement before social/political advancement |
| Tuskeegee Institute | African Am. trade school founded by BT Washington that trained Af. Ams. for science related jobs; today a college` |
| William E B DuBois | founder of NAACP; advocated political, social, economic & educational equality for Af. Ams. |
| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; founded by WEB DuBois as a political social action group to seek political, social, economic & educational equality for Af. AMs |
