| A | B |
|---|
| Psychosis-induced polydipsia | Compulsive drinking of 4 to 10 liters of water a day |
| Major neurotransmitter thought to be involved in schizophrenia | Dopamine |
| Affect | The outward manifestation of a person's feelings and emotions. May be flat, blunted, inappropriate, or bizarre |
| Associative looseness | Refers to haphazard and confused thinking that is manifested in jumbled and illogical speech and reasoning |
| Autism | Thinking that is not bound to reality but reflects the private perceptual world of the individual |
| Ambivalence | Simultaneously holding two opposing emotions, attitudes, ideas, or wishes toward the same person, situation, or object. |
| Predromal symptoms | May occur a month to a year before the first psychotic break, representing a clear deterioration in previous functioning. |
| Positive symptoms of schizophrenia | Hallucinations; delusions; disorganized speech; bizarre behavior |
| Negative symptoms of schizophrenia | Blunted affect; poverty of thought; Loss of motivation; Inability to experience pleasure |
| Alogia | Poverty of thought |
| Avolition | Loss of motivation |
| Anhedonia | Inability to experience pleasure or joy |
| Cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia | Inattention; impaired memory; poor problem-solving and decision-making skills; illogical thinking; impaired judgment |
| Delusions | False fixed beliefs that cannot be corrected by reasoning. |
| Ideas of reference | Miscontruing trivial events and remarks and giving them personal significance |
| Delusions of persecution | The false belief that one is being singled out for harm by others |
| Delusions of grandeur | The false belief that one is a very powerful and important person |
| Somatic delusions | The false belief that the body is changing in an unusual way |
| Jealousy | The false belief that one's mate is unfaithful. |
| Thought broadcasting | The belief that one's thoughts can be heard by others |
| Thought insertion | The belief that thoughts of others are being inserted into one's mind |
| Thought withdrawal | The belief that thoughts have been removed from one's mind by an outside agency |
| Delusions of being controlled | Beliefs that one's body or mind is controlled by an outside agency |
| Concrete thinking | Implies overemphasis on specific details and an impairment in the ability to use abstract concepts |
| Neologisms | Words a person makes up that have special meaning for the person |
| Echolalia | The pathological repeating of another's word by imitation and is often seen in people with catatonia |
| Clang associations | The meaningless rhyming of words, often in a forceful manner |
| Word salad | A term used to identify a mixture of phrases that is meaningless to the listerner and perhaps to the speaker as well |
| Hallucinations | Sensory perceptions for which no external stimulus exists |
| Auditory hallucinations | Hearing voices or sounds that do not exist in the environment but are projections of inner thoughts or feelings |
| Visual hallucinations | Seeing a person, object, or animal that does not exist in the environment |
| Olfactory hallucinations | Smelling odors that are not present in the environment |
| Gustatory hallucinations | Tasting sensations that have no stimulus in reality |
| Tactile hallucinations | Feeling strange sensations where no external objects stimulate such feelings; common in delirium tremens |
| Command hallucinations | Internal voices that command the person to hurt himself or others |
| Depersonalization | A nonspecific feeling that a person has lost his or her identity, that the self is different or unreal |
| Derealization | The false perception by a person that the environment has changed |
| Bizarre behavior | Behaviors that may take the form of a stilted rigid demeanor, eccentric dress or grooming, and rituals |
| Extreme motor agitation | Agitated physical behavior such as running about, in response to inner and outer stimuli |
| Automatic obedience | Client may perform without hesitation, all simple commands in a robot-like fashion |
| Waxy flexibility | Excessive maintenance of posture, evidenced when a person's arms or legs can be placed in any position and the position is held for long periods |
| Flat affect | Immobile facial expressions or a blank look |
| Blunted affect | Minimal emotional response |
| Anergia | Lack of energy; passivity, impersistence at work or school |
| Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) | Anticholinergic side effects related to medication therapy |
| Acute dystonia | Muscle cramps of the head and neck |
| Akathisia | Internal and external restless pacing or fidgeting |
| Pseudoparkinsonism | Stiffening of muscular activity in the face, body, arms, and legs |
| Tardive dyskinesia | An EPS that usually appears after prolonged treatment with an antipsychotic medication in which there is involuntary tonic muscular spasms that typically involve the tongue, fingers, toes, neck, trunk, or pelvis |
| Opisthotonos | Tetanic heightening of entire body, head and belly up |
| Oculogyric crisis | Eyes locked upward |
| Choreic movements | Rapid, purposeless, and irregular movements |
| Agranulocytosis | A serious side effect of certain antipsychotic medications; can be fatal |
| Catatonia | Abnormal motor behavior; may be extreme motor agitation or extreme psychomotor retardation |
| Blocking | A sudden cessation in the train of thought |
| Psychosis | Refers to behavior that may include delusions, any prominent hallucinations, disorganized speech, or disorganized or catatonic behavior |
| Milieu therapy | A method of psychotherapy that controls the environment of the client to provide interpersonal contacts in order to develop trust, assurance, and personal autonomy |
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome | A potentially lethal side effect of antipsychotic medication that requires emergency treatment |
| Mutism | Person does not speak |
| Circumstantiality | The person delays getting to the point of communication because of unnecessary and tedious details |
