| A | B |
|---|
| P-waves | seismic body waves that travel in a push-pull fashion |
| Richter scale | This describes the amount of energy released by an earthquake. |
| Ring of Fire | the earthquake and volcano zone that circles the Pacific Ocean |
| seismometer | This instrument measures the amount of energy released by an earthquake. |
| cinder cone volcano | a steep-sided volcano made of rock and ash that erupts explosively |
| shield volcano | This type of volcano has gently sloping sides of many layers of lava. |
| fold mountain | a mountain formed by layers of rock being squeezed and bent |
| epicenter | the point on the surface directly above the focus of the earthquake |
| fault | a weak point or fracture in the crust where the rock layers have ruptured or slipped |
| focus | the spot inside the Earth where an earthquake begins |
| vent | an opening from which magma flows |
| transform faults | the type of boundary where plates move horizontally |
| hot spots | places where magma pushes through a weakness in the crust |
| volcanism | the process that brings rocks and minerals to the surface |
| tremor | a very slight movement in the Earth |
| dome mountain | This type of mountain is formed when magma cools underground and is pushed up |
| latitude | a measure of how far north or south you are from the equator |
| longitude | a measure of how far east or west you are from the prime meridian |
| base | the bottom of a mountain or volcano |
| body wave | This type of seismic wave occurs in the body of the Earth and includes P-waves and S-waves. |
| composite volcano | a steep sided volcano that is made up of layers of lava and rocks, eruptions can be quiet or explosive (strato volcano) |
| strato volcano | a steep sided volcano that is made up of layers of lava and rocks, eruptions can be quiet or explosive (composite volcano) |
| earthquake | the jolting that occurs when two plates move past one another |
| elevation | the height above sea level |
| fault-block mountains | mountains created along the fault lines by the shifting, breaking, and uplifting during earthquakes |
| lava | melted rock that has been forced through the Earth's crust, usually at a volcano |
| magma | molten rock under the Earth's surface |
| mountain | land that is at least 2,000 feet above sea level with steep sides, long slopes, and at least 2 climate zones |
| peak | the top of a mountain or volcano |
| pillow lava | lava that cooled quickly underwater |
| profile | the side view |
| sea level | zero elevation; the average distance between the highest tide and the lowest tide |
| subduction zone | the region where 2 plates colide and the less dense plate is pushed under the other plate |
| surface waves | the slow but dangerous seismic waves that travel along the Earth's surface |
| tsunami | a wave of water that sometimes occurs because of an undersea earthquake |
| volcano | a mountain formed by the accumulation of rock forced out of the inside of the Earth |
