| A | B |
|---|
| radical | a person who takes extreme political positions |
| Judiciary Act of 1801 | a law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new spots with Federalists |
| John Marshall | a Federalist who in 1801, was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court |
| Marbury vs Madison | an 1803 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to abolish laws declaring them unconstitutional |
| unconstitutional | something that contradicts the law of the Constitution |
| judicial review | the principle that the Supreme Court has the final say in interpreting the Constitution |
| Louisana Purchase | the 1803 purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France |
| Meriwether Lewis | leader of an expedition with William Clark to the Pacific Northwest |
| William Clark | leader of an expedition with Meriwether Clark to the Pacific Northwest |
| Lewis and Clark expedition | a group led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark who explored the lands of the Louiisiana Purchase beginning in 1803 |
| Sacagawea | A Shoshone woman whose language skills and knowledge of geography helped Lewis and Clark on their expedition |
| Zebulon Pike | in 1806, he led the expedition from St.Louis on a southernly route; he was later arrested by Spanish troops in the Rio Grande |
| impressment | the act of seizing by force |
| Embargo Act of 1807 | an act that stated that American ships were no longer allowed to sail to foreign ports, and it also closed American ports to British ships |
| Tecumseh | a Shawnee chief who vowed to stop the loss of Native American land, led Native American resistance to white rule in the Ohio River Valley |
| War Hawk | a westerner who supported the War of 1812 |
| Oliver Hazard Perry | officer who took charge of a fleet on the shores of Lake Erie |
| Battle of the Thames | an American victory over the British in the War of 1812, which ended the British threat to the Northwest Territory |
| Francis Scott Key | a Washington lawyer who wrote the U.S. national anthem |
| Treaty of Ghent | treaty, signed in 1814, which ended the War of 1812; no territory exchanged hands and trade disputes were not resolved |
