| A | B |
|---|
| Balkan Peninsula | a stretch of land that extends southward into the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea |
| Mediterranean Sea | a large body of water bordered by Europe, Asia and Africa |
| Aegean Sea | the sea that separates Greece from Asia Minor |
| Asia Minor | the western edge of Asia |
| Ionian Sea | the sea that separates western Greece from southeastern Italy |
| Crete | an island in the eastern Mediterranean Sea; the center of Minoan civilization |
| Mycenae | an early city-state of Greece |
| Plato | Ancient Greek philosopher and disciple of Socrates who was one of the most famous thinkers of ancient Greece |
| King Minos | Legendary King of the Minoan civilization in Crete |
| agora | an outdoor marketplace in ancient Greece |
| plunder | valuables taken in war |
| Troy | a city on the western coast of Asia Minor; site of the legendary Trojan War |
| Mount Olympus | a mountain in northern Greece thought by the ancient Greeks to be the home of their gods |
| Athens | a city-state that was the best example of ancient Greek democracy;the capital of modern Greece |
| Sparta | an ancient Greek city-state that was under strict military rule |
| Homer | Ancient Greek poet who composed two poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey, about the Trojan War |
| Pericles | Ancient Athenian leader who strove to make Athens the center of art and literature and who was responsible for building the Parthenon |
| myth | a traditional story that may include gods and goddesses and often tries to explain events in nature |
| Immortal | to live forever |
| aristocracy | a government controlled by a few wealthy people |
| democracy | a government by the people |
| oral tradition | the passing down of stories from person to person orally |
| Assembly | in Ancient Greece, an Athenian governing body of all citizens older than 18 |
| helot | a slave |
| Trojan War | war fought between the Greeks and the people of Troy |
| Olympic Games | athletic contests held by the ancient Greeks about 3500 years ago and revived in modern times |
| Marathon | a plain northeast of Athens, Greece |
| Salamis | the site of a mighty sea battle between Greece and Persia |
| Thebes | a Greek city-state that defeated Sparta |
| Macedonia | an ancient country in northern Greece; a nation formed after the breakup of Yugoslavia |
| Socrates | Ancient Greek philosopher who developed an approach to teaching based on asking questions |
| Aristotle | Ancient Greek philosopher and student of Plato who wrote more than 170 books |
| marathon | the longest race in the Olympics, a footrace of about 26 miles |
| philosopher | a person who studies truth and knowledge |
| reason | logical thinking |
| plague | an epidemic of an often fatal disease |
| mercenary | a hired soldier |
| Golden Age | a period in time in ancient Athens when magnificent temples were built; artist created statues and monuments; and philosphers extended human knowledge |
| Socratic method | an approach to teaching developed by the Greek philosopher, Socrates, which involves teaching people to think by asking questions |
| Delian League | in ancient Greece, an alliance between Athens and other Greek city-states |
| Peloponnesian War | war between Athens and Sparta |
| Alexandria | an Egyptian seaport city on the Mediterranean, a center of trade and learning in the Hellenistic Age |
| Alexander | Known as "Alexander the Great,"the king of Macedonia who conquered a vast empire in Europe, Asia and Africa |
| Hippocrates | Ancient Greek doctor who is often called the "father of medicine" |
| Archimedes | Scientist of the Hellenistic Age who was the first person to explain how levers work |
| Pythagoras | Ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician whose ideas led to the field of geometry |
| Euclid | Greek mathematician who developed the system of plane geometry |
| Hellenistic Age | a period of time when ancient Greek and Asian cultures mixed |
