| A | B |
|---|
| Reliability | Degree to which test results occur repeatedly |
| Validity | How well a test/research method measures what it is supposed to meaure |
| Theory | Framework for explaining behavior and mental processes |
| Naturalistic Observation | Study of behavior in natural settings without interfering |
| Case Study | Intensive examination of some phenomenon in individuals |
| Survey | Questionnaires or interviews designed to describe attitudes, beliefs, and opinions |
| Variables | Research factors that can differ (take on different values) |
| Experiment | Situation where a researcher manipulates or controls variables |
| Independent variable | Variable manipulated by the researher |
| Dependent variable | Factor affected by the independent variable |
| Experimental group | Group that gets the treatment |
| Control group | Group that receives no treatment |
| Hypothesis | A testable prediction about a phenomenon |
| Placebo | Physical or psychological "treatments" with no active ingredient |
| Random variable | Uncontrollable factors that confound an experiment |
| Random assignment | Placing subjects randomly into experimental or control groups |
| Sampling | Process of selecting subjects who are members of a population being studied |
| Experimentor bias | When experimentor unintentionally encourages participants to respond in a way that supports the hypothesis |
| Random sample | Subjects selected from a population that had an equal chance of being chosen |
| Data | Numbers that represent research findings |
