| A | B |
|---|
| charter | An official document giving a person permission to do something, such as settle in an area. (p. 169) |
| armada | A large fleet of ships, especially war ships. (p. 170) |
| Queen Elizabeth I | 1533-1603 Queen of England during the founding of the Roanoke colony and the defeat of the Spanish Armada. (p. 168) |
| Sir Walter Raleigh | 1552?-1618 English explorer, historian, and soldier who started two unsuccessful colonies at Roanoke Island, in 1584 and 1587. (p. 169) |
| John White | 1500s Leader of the English conolony of Roanoke in 1587. (p. 169) |
| King Philip II | 1527-1598 King of Spain during the english defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. (p. 170) |
| Virginia | Colony claimed by the English in the late 1500s; named in honor of Queen Elizabeth I who was known as the "Virgin Queen". (p. 168) |
| Roanoke Island | An island off the coast of North Carolina, the site of the "Lost Colony" founded by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1587; 36 degrees North,76 degrees West (m. 169, t. 169) |
| fact | A statement that can be checked and proved true. See opinion (p. 172) |
| opinion | A personal view or belief. (p. 172) |
| Northwest Passage | A water route believed to flow through North America to Asia that European explorers searched for from the 1500s to the 1700s. (p. 174) |
| profit | The money remaining after the costs of a business have been paid. (p. 175) |
| Henry Hudson | ?-1611 English explorer who searched for a Northwest passage through North America beginning in 1609. (p. 175) |
| John Cabot | 1450?-1498? Italian sea captain in the service of England who was the first European to explore North America in search of a Northwest Passage. (p. 176) |
| Giovanni da Verrazano | 1485?-1528? Italian sea captain in the service of France who searched for a Northwest Passage in 1592. (p. 176) |
| Jacques Cartier | 1491-1557 French explorer who became the first European to navigate the St. Laurence River in 1535. (p. 176) |
| Samuel de Champlain | 1567-1635 Explorer and founder of Quebec, the first permanent French settlement in North America, in 1608. He is known as the "Father of New France." (p. 176) |
| Hudson River | A tidal river in eastern New York that empties into the Atlantic Ocean. (m. 34, t. 175) |
| stock | Shares of ownership in a company. See shareholder. (p. 180) |
| cash crop | A crop that is grown to be sold for profit. See profit. (p.182) |
| indentured servant | A person who agreed to work for someone in colonial America for a fixed amount of time in order to pay for the ocean voyage. (p. 183) |
| House of Burgesses | The lawmaking body of colonial Virginia, established in Jamestown in 1619. (p. 184) |
| Chief Powhatan | 1550?-1618 Chief of the Powhatan who helped the English settlement at Jamestown. (p. 176) |
| John Smith | 1579?-1631 English army captain whose strict discipline helped the Jamestown settlement to survive. (p. 180) |
| Pocahontas | 1595?-1617 Daughter of Chief Powhatan whose marriage to John rolfe led to the "Peace of Pocahontas" from 1614 to 1617. (p. 181) |
| John Rolfe | 1585-1622 Jamestown leader whose method of curing tobacco made it a successful cash crop; married Pocahantas. (p. 182) |
| Openchancanough | 1545?-1644 Powhatan chief who led one of the last major Native American battles against the English in Virginia in 1622. (p. 184) |
| Chesapeake Bay | A long arm of the Atlantic Ocean surrounded by Maryland and Virginia. (m. 179, t. 178) |
| Tsenacmacoh | The name the Powhatan peoples of Eastern Virginia had given to their homeland. (m. 179, t. 178) |
| Jamestown | A town in southeastern Virginia; the first permanent English settlement in North America, founded in 1607; 37 degrees North, 77 degrees West. (m. 176, t. 180) |
| Mayflower Compact | An agreement the Pilgrims made before landing in New England to make and obey "just and equal laws." (p.187) |
| sachem | The leader or chief of any group of Native Americans in the Eastern Woodland and Great Lakes region. (p.188) |
| Massasoit | 1580?-1661 Main Wampanoag sachem who made a peace agreement with the Pilgrims at Plymouth. (p. 188) |
| Squanto | 1585?-1662 Pawtuxet Native American who helped the Pilgrims at Plymouth to survive. (p. 188) |
| Samoset | 1590?-1655 Wamponoag sachem who was among those who first met the Pilgrims at Plymouth in 1620. (p. 188) |
| William Bradford | 1590?-1657 Governor of the Plymouth Colony beginning in 1621. (p. 189) |
| Miles Standish | 1584?-1656 English army captain at Plymouth who helped defend the Pilgrim colony. (p. 190) |
| Cape Cod | A peninsula in southeastern Massachusetts, enclosing Cape Cod Bay. (m. 188, t. 187) |
| New England | Northeastern region of the United States, containing the states of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Masachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. (m. 188, t. 187) |
| Plymouth | A town in southeastern Massachusetts, founded by the Pilgrims in 1620; 42 degrees North, 71 degrees West. (m. 188, t. 186) |
