| A | B |
|---|
| Elements | A single chemical substance - ex. (O) (H) (C) |
| Compounds | A substance composed of atoms of different elements chemically combined - 2 or more |
| Carbohydrates | A chain of simple sugars |
| What are carbohdrates used for? | To store and release energy |
| Polymer | A large molecule made up of a chain of smaller molecules |
| Monosaccride | A simple sugar made up of one compound - ex. glucose, fructose |
| Disaccride | 2 monosaccrides hooked together - ex. sucrose (glucose & fructose) |
| Polysaccride | Many monosaccrides hooked together in a chain - ex. cellulose (found in cell wall of plants) |
| Lipids | Have a large portion of C-H bonds. Commonly called fats and oils. |
| What are lipids used for? | Long term energy storage, insulation and membrane protection |
| Differences between saturated and unsaturated lipids | Saturated - fatty acids charged with single bonds; Unsaturated - Charged with double bonds |
| Proteins | A polymer made of a chain of amino acids |
| What are proteins used for? | The building blocks of structural compounds of organisms for muscles |
| Name the 5 amino acid groups | Carbon atom, Hydrogen atom, Carboxyl group (-COOH), an amino acid (-NH2), and a "R" group that makes every amino acid different |
| Peptide bond | 2 amino acids hooked together |
| Diffusion | The tendency of material solutions to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Osmosis | The movement of water through a membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration |
| Facilitated diffusion | The passive transport of materials across the plasma membrane by means of transport proteins |
| Hypotonic cell | A higher concentration inside the cell so water moves into the cell causing it to swell |
| Hypertonic cell | Higher concentration of solutes outside the cell, causing water to move out of the cell |
| Isotonic cell | The concentration of dissolved substances is the same as the concentration inside the cell, no osmosis occurs |
| Active transport | Transport of materials from lower concentration to higher concentration |
| Exocytosis | The reverse process of endocytosis, cells expel waste or secrete substances |
| Endocytosis | Process where a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment |
