| A | B |
|---|
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| 4 phases of matter | solid, liquid, gas, plasma |
| atom | smallest unit of matter |
| proton | in the nucleus, positively charged |
| neutron | in the nucleus, no charge |
| electron | in the electron cloud, negatively charged |
| element | substance made up of only one kind of matter |
| physical change | when something is physically changed about a substance, no new substance is formed |
| chemical change | when a substance is changed in a chemical reaction, a new substance is formed |
| compound | a substance formed when two or more elements join together in a chemical reaction |
| covalent bonding | also called molecular bonding, makes molecules, when the valence electrons are shared |
| ionic bonding | makes ions, when the valence electrons are transferred |
| molecule | a compound formed from covalent bonding |
| ion | a charged atom |
| mixture | a combination of substances in which the individual substances retain their own properties |
| solution | homogeneous mixture, when the solute is evenly distributed in the solvent |
| solute | the substance in a solution that gets dissovled |
| solvent | the substance in a solution that does the dissolving |
| valence electrons | the electrons that are in the highest or outer most energy level |
| indicators of a chemical change | light produced, heat produced, a precipitate forming, bubbles forming, color change |
| sublimation | the process of a substance going from a solid to a gas and vice versa |
| freezing | the process of a liquid going to a solid |
| melting | the process of a solid going to a liquid |
| condensation | the process of a gas going to a liquid |
| vaporization | the process of a liquid going to a gas |
| Kinetic Theory of Matter | describes the movement of the molecules in the different states of matter, based on an increase or decrease in temperature |
| organic compound | compounds that contain carbon |
| inorganic compound | compounds that do not contain carbon |
| enzymes | proteins that speed up chemical reactions in cells |
| carbohydrate | organic compounds that break down to release energy |
| types of carbohydrates | sugars, starch, cellulose |
| lipid | an organic compound that stores and releases large amount of energy |
| examples of lipids | fats, oils, waxes |
| protein | an organic compound that is used to build and repair cell parts |
| nucleic acid | large organic compound that stores the genetic code for the cell |
| examples of nucleic acid | DNA and RNA |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
