| A | B |
|---|
| Tycho Brahe | said all but earth revolved around sun |
| Johannes Kepler | developed 3 laws of planetary motion |
| Aristotle | believed in 4 basic elements |
| quintessence | perfect material of heavens |
| impetus | energy tranfer from mover to moved |
| gravity | invisible force moving the universe |
| Nicolas Copernicus | first heliocentrist |
| Galileo | used a 5-step scientific process |
| Medici | family that supported science |
| Isaac Newton | inventor of calculus |
| Ptolemy | Egyptian scientist, Aristotle follower |
| philosophe | means philosopher |
| Voltaire | believed in religious tolerance, common sense |
| John Locke | said man had right to life, liberty property |
| Thomas Hobbes | wanted order, absolute monarchy |
| Montesquieu | separation of powers proponent |
| Leviathan | claims early man is nasty, brutish, short |
| free market | no controls on buying/selling |
| mercantilism | commerce as warfare |
| Enlightenment | a.k.a. Age of Reason |
| Rene Descartes | created analytical geometry |
| The Social Contract | describes Rousseau's communal society |
| Denis Diderot | Enlightened creator of encyclopedia |
| Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | troubled musical genius, died young |
| salon | means "room" |
| Johann Sebastian Bach | known for classical religious music |
| Rousseau | viewed society as corrupting man |
| Galen | he pioneered medical advancement |
| Francis Bacon | argued for inductive, not deductive method |
| inductive method | collect evidence first & create theory |
| deductive method | create theory first & collect evidence |
| Principia | landmark work written by Newton |
| heliocentric | sun-centered universe |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | perfector of early microscopes |
| Enlightenment | idea that reason leads to progress |
| arabic numerals | allowed for mathematic advancement |
| Madame de Geoffrin | most famous Parisian salon holder |
| baroque | huge, colorful, historically grand art |
| rococo | light, elegant, charming artistic style |
| censorship | restricting access to ideas, information |
| Franz Joseph Haydn | developer of classical music |
| George Frideric Handel | wrote "Water Music" & the Messiah |
| Daniel Defoe | wrote Robinson Crusoe |
| novel | writing type invented in Enlightenment |
| enlightened despots | ruler who makes social/political change |
| Frederick the Great | Prussian leader, "servant of the state" |
| Joseph II | Hapsburg enlightened despot, reformer |
| Candide | fictional work by Voltaire |
| Persian Letters | fictional work by Montesquieu |
| natural law | rules discovered by reason |
| natural rights | rights belonging to humans at birth |
| scientific method | collection and accurate measurement of data |
| Robert Boyle | renowned English chemist |
| calculus | mathematics developed by Newton |
| hypothesis | a possible explanation |
| Abroise Pare | made new ointment, surgical techniques |
| William Harvey | explained body's circulation system |
| Andreas Vesalius | first accurate studier of anatomy |
| laissez-faire | "leave alone" economic theory |
